Correction: Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anemia: Magnitude and Its Predictors among School Age Children, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study (original) (raw)
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Italian Journal of Pediatrics
Background: Anemia is one of the global public health problems affecting more than one-third of the world population. It has been strongly associated with limited psychomotor development; and poor growth and performance in cognitive, social, and emotional function in children. Despite published data revealed that anemia is a public health problem among children in Ethiopia, there is no a pooled national estimate on the prevalence and associated risk factors of anemia. Methods: Published articles until December 31, 2017, were searched using comprehensive search strings through PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, HINARI, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google. Reference probing of published articles and hand searching were employed for grey literature. Two groups of review authors independently appraised the studies for eligibility and extracted the data. The quality of articles was assessed using Joana Brigg's institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence and analytical studies. The pooled estimates were determined using random effect model. Heterogeneity between the included studies was assessed using the I 2 statistics. Subgroup analysis was employed in the evidence of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's regression test statistic. Results: Of the total 871 articles retrieved, 34 articles which involved 61,748 children were eligible for meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of anemia using random effect model was 31.14% (95% CI: 24.62, 37.66%). In subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of anemia was higher among preschool-aged children (44.17%; 95% CI: 37.19, 51.15%) than school-aged children (22.19%; 95% CI: 17.54, 26.83%). Furthermore, the odds of anemia was higher among children who were male (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.19), stunted (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.52, 2.51), and wasted (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.10). Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of anemia among children was high, indicating that it had been continuing to be a public health problem. Therefore, there is a need to design a comprehensive prevention and control strategies to reduce its burden.
PLOS ONE, 2017
Background Anemia is defined as a condition in which there is less than the normal hemoglobin (Hb) level in the body. During pregnancy; iron deficiency is associated with multiple adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. Most of the studies conducted in Ethiopia on anemia during pregnancy were conducted at institution level and associated factors are not well studied and documented. Independent factors like, food security status, dietary diversity and intestinal parasites infection were considered by only a few of them. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in Lemo District, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May-June 2015. Multistage sampling was used to include 507 study participants. Anaemia was diagnosed using Hemo-Cue HB 301 and haemoglobin concentration <11 g/dl was classified as anaemic. Stool examinations were also done. Structured questionnaire was used as a tool to collect sociodemographic characteristics, individual dietary diversity and level of household food security data. Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to determine the effect of explanatory variables like level of education, level of household food security, dietary diversity, trimester of pregnancy, family planning before pregnancy, deworming, gravidity, iron intake in current pregnancy and soil transmitted helminthes on dependent variable anemia.
Anaemia among children in a drought affected community in south-central Ethiopia
PLOS ONE, 2017
Introduction As part of a field trial (PACTR201411000882128) to provide evidence on the combined use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spray for malaria prevention, we measured haemoglobin values among children aged 6 to 59 months. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia, and to determine the risk factors of anaemia and change in haemoglobin value in Adami Tullu district in south-central Ethiopia. Methods Repeated cross-sectional surveys among 2984 children in 2014 and 3128 children in 2015; and a cohort study (malaria as exposure and anaemia as outcome variable) were conducted. The study area faced severe drought and food shortages in 2015. Anaemia was diagnosed using HemoCue Hb 301, and children with haemoglobin <11 g/dl were classified as anaemic. Multilevel and Cox regression models were applied to assess predictors of anaemia. Results The prevalence of anaemia was 28.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 26.6-29.8] in 2014 and increased to 36.8% (95% CI, 35.1-38.5) in 2015 (P<0.001). The incidence of anaemia was 30; (95% CI, 28-32) cases per 100 children years of observation. The risk of anaemia was high (adjusted Hazard Ratio = 10) among children with malaria. Children from poor families [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR); 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6)], stunted children (AOR 1.5; 95% CI; 1.2-1.8), and children aged less than 36 months (AOR; 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.4) were at risk of anaemia compared to their counterparts. There was no significant difference in risk of anaemia among the trial arms. Conclusions Young age, stunting, malaria and poverty were the main predictors of anaemia. An increase in the prevalence of anaemia was observed over a year, despite malaria prevention effort,
PloS one, 2017
Anemia affects around 38.2% and 22% of pregnant women at a global and national level respectively. In developing countries, women start pregnancy with already depleted body stores of iron and other vitamins with significant variation of anemia within and between regions. To identify the determinants of anemia among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in Dessie town health facilities, northern central Ethiopia. A health facility based unmatched case control study was conducted among 112 cases and 336 controls from January to March 2016 G.C. The sample size was determined by using Epi Info version 7.1.5.2. Study subjects were selected using consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to see the determinants of anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value<0.05 were use...
BMC Public Health
Background Numerous studies have been carried out on assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections (IPIs) amongpreschool and school-age children in Ethiopia, but there is lack of study systematically gathered and analyzedinformation for policymakers. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a summary on prevalence, geographical distribution and trends of IPIs among preschool and school-age childrenin Ethiopia. Methods The search were carried out in Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1996to July2019 for studies describing prevalence of IPIs among preschooland school-age children. We conducted meta-regression to understand the trends and the source of heterogeneity and pooled the prevalence using ‘metaprop’ command using STATA software version 14. Results Eighty-three(83) studies examining 56,786 fecal specimens were included. The prevalence of IPIs was 48%(95%CI: 42 to 53%) and showeds...
Prevalence of anemia among school-age children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Anemia continued to become a major public health problem in developing nations including Ethiopia. Especially, school children are more vulnerable for anemia and consequences of anemia. Generating accurate epidemiological data on anemia in school children is an important step for health policy maker. There are limited evidences on anemia prevalence in school-age children in Ethiopia. This study aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence of anemia in school-age children in Ethiopia. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was followed the PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searched was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, HINARI, and Ethiopian Journal of Health Development for studies published before 2016, supplemented by manual searches to identify relevant studies. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed quality of studies. The Cochrane Q test and I 2 test statistic were used to test heterogeneity through studies. The overall prevalence was calculated using random-effects model of DerSimonian-Laird method. Results: From 831 obtained studies, 13 articles included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among school children in Ethiopia was 23% (95% CI 18-28%). The prevalence of anemia in male and female school-age children was 27% (95% CI 20 and 34%) and 24% (95% CI 18 and 30%), respectively. Conclusions: This study found that prevalence of anemia was a moderate public health problem in school children. Due to the complications of anemia for school children, preventative planning and control of anemia among school children in Ethiopia is necessary.
Anemia is regarded as major public health problem among adolescents in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) but there is limited primary data in many countries, including Nepal. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of anemia in a nationally representative sample of adolescents within the 2014 National Adolescent Nutrition Survey in Nepal. A total of 3780 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were selected from a cross-sectional survey through multi-stage cluster sampling. Structured interviews, anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin assessments of capillary blood were obtained. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were undertaken to compute the Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) for socio-demographic, behavioral and cluster characteristics. The overall prevalence of anemia was 31% (95%CI: 28.2, 33.5), 38% (95%CI: 34.0, 41.8) in female and 24% (95%CI: 20.6, 27.1) in male. The likelihood of anemia was significantly higher among older adolescents (aOR 1.75, 95%CI: 1.44, 2.13), females (aOR 2.02; 95%CI: 1.57, 2.60), among those who walk barefoot (aOR 1.78, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.94), and those residing in the Terai (aOR 1.80, 95%CI: 1.18, 2.77). Food consumption from more than four food groups (aOR 0.71, 95%CI: 0.57, 0.88) was protective against anemia. In conclusion, anemia is common in Nepali adolescents. Efforts to improve the nutritional status of this high-risk age group require nutrition that focus on eating habits, sanitation, iron supplementation and the treatment of hookworm infection.
Children
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and its determinants among children aged 6–59 months in Zanzibar, Tanzania, from 2005 to 2015. We used secondary data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys from three different periods: 2005, 2010, and 2015. A sample of 3502 child-mother pairs from three survey datasets was used to analyze the overall prevalence of anemia and reveal its determinants. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to demonstrate the prevalence odds ratio of factors, both from the mothers and children, for anemia prevalence. The study indicated a significant decrease in anemia prevalence from 76.1% in 2005 to 65.4% in 2015 (p < 0.001). Hierarchical logistic regression between variables and anemia showed a significant association (p = 0.02) with households that improperly disposed of stool, children with minimum dietary diversity (p = 0.041), children in low age quartiles (p = < 0.001), and underweight children (p = 0.025). Matern...
PLOS ONE, 2016
Background Iron deficiency Anemia (IDA) in children is a recognized public health problem that impacts adversely on child morbidity, mortality and impairs cognitive development. In Pakistan information on the true prevalence and predictors of IDA is limited. This study sought to investigate IDA in children under five years of age using data from a nationally representative stratified cross-sectional survey. Methods Secondary analysis was performed on the National Nutrition Survey in Pakistan 2011-2012. We used a pre-structured instrument to collect socio demographic and nutritional data on mothers and children. We also collected Anthropometric measurements and blood samples for micronutrient deficiencies. IDA was defined as having both haemoglobin levels of <110 g/L and ferritin levels of < 12 μg/L. Data analysis was performed by applying univariate and multivariate techniques using logistic regression through SPSS.
PLOS ONE
Background Diarrhoea and malnutrition are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in areas with poor access to clean water, improved sanitation, and with low socioeconomic status. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of diarrhoea, malnutrition and risk factors among children aged 6-59 months in the Tigray Region of Northern Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June to August 2017 to assess the magnitude and factors associated with diarrhoea and malnutrition among children. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on diarrhoea, environmental, demographic and behavioural factors from 610 mother-child pairs. Anthropometric measurements were collected from the children. SPSS ver.21 statistical software was used for analysis. Factors associated with diarrhoea and nutritional status were identified using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p-value � 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the 610 children monitored in this study, the incidence of diarrhoea among 6-59 monthold children in the two weeks preceding the day of the interview day was 27.2% (95% CI: 23.6-31%). Specifically, 35.9%, 9.7%, and 1.8% had 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 times of diarrhoea episodes in a one year of time, respectively.