BIM Ortamında Bina Yangın Emniyet Önlemlerinin İncelenmesi / Investigation of Building Fire Safety Measures in BIM Environment (original) (raw)

Abstract

Computer-aided design tools, which entered our lives with the development of technology, continued to improve themselves to meet the ever-increasing expectations. This process, which started in two dimensions, has undergone great changes until today. BIM, which has become increasingly popular in recent years, is a term that includes many concepts. The concept of BIM can be translated into our language as 'Building Information Modeling'. Other disciplines are trying to incorporate BIM, which provides efficiency in more than one work area, into their processes to meet the increasing expectations. As BIM still has no specific definition, opinions differ about what it is and how it can be used. This makes it difficult to articulate the potential benefits of BIM. BIM is the digital representation of all the features of a structure, a shared source of information for decision making throughout its lifecycle from its inception. This system, which is open to the communication of all relevant actors, has the potential to increase efficiency and shorten the process with the digital information it shares compared to traditional methods. With the realization of this potential, demand for software has emerged not only in architecture and engineering disciplines but also in different disciplines to solve their specific problems. Over time, experts working in this field have started to include BIM in their production processes due to the benefits it provides. Compared to other disciplines, BIM interaction was insufficient in the field of fire safety. As a rapidly gaining popularity, BIM is being studied by many construction professionals who question its potential benefits in their projects. Although it is a new concept, BIM technologies are rapidly being adopted by the disciplines in the architecture and construction industry, with the support of companies and especially the encouragement of American and European states. The lack of defined requirements for fire safety in the BIM environment compared to other areas created a need for more information. This thesis aims to examine the current state of fire protection in the BIM environment and test its usability, to evaluate the processes and methods to implement the requirements for passive and active fire safety measures in buildings in the BIM environment. In this study, an office building modeled using Autodesk Revit software, which is one of the widely used BIM platforms for architectural projects, is evaluated on the CYPEFIRE Design and FINEFIRE software used in the field of fire safety developed in the USA and Spain in this field, and the usability of the software used in this field in the BIM environment. Previous studies have been examined within the scope of the thesis, to understand the possibilities and deficiencies of BIM in this field. Since the 2000s, the importance of BIM technology has gradually increased and various application providers have started to develop BIM software. A few of this software that started to be developed were also in the field of fire safety. Some share information and models of their products that can only be added to fire safety models in the BIM environment, while others provide the opportunity to design and verify fire safety systems. Some of the software used in the field of fire safety was chosen according to certain criteria within the scope of the thesis. When choosing software; Criteria such as being designer-oriented, which provides the opportunity to design and control fire safety measures in the BIM environment, as well as sharing information with other platforms of BIM and providing ease of use, were taken into consideration. These are Revit (USA), which is widely used in architectural project processes, and CYPEFIRE Design (Spain) and FINEFIRE (USA) software, which is used in different countries in the field of fire safety. Access to software licenses was limited in the number of software evaluated. Projects carried out using the BIM system require interdisciplinary coordination. The model applied within the scope of the thesis consists of two stages: fire safety models, which include passive and active fire safety measures created with the help of architectural models and software. Necessary parameters were defined on the model, fire safety models were created with the help of software, and then the data obtained were evaluated. Criteria including fire safety measures are produced from the substances in the relevant standards, especially the Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire (BYKHY) in force in our country. Analyzes were made on the fire safety models created within the framework of the capabilities of the software, and it was checked how well they meet the determined passive and active fire safety measures. As a result of the analyzes made, the evaluation of compliance with the regulations and standards was made within the scope of a total of 25 passive and active fire safety measures that an office building should provide. The determined 25 requirements are derived from the items in the relevant standards, especially BYKHY. The 25 criteria evaluated regarding passive and active fire safety measures have been determined according to the degree of importance of the basic features that a building must meet in accordance with the regulation and the mentioned standards. The 25 requirements selected to ensure fire safety are limited to the level that the software can control. Design decisions that affect the architecture are not among the 25 requirements determined in the evaluation while the architectural project is being created. Of the 25 requirements, 12 are passive fire safety measures and 13 are active fire safety measures. Within the framework of passive fire safety measures, CYPEFIRE Design software can control 7 of 12 requirements and FINEFIRE software 1 within the scope of the capabilities of the software. These figures are met as a percentage of 58% for CYPEFIRE Design software and 0.8% for FINEFIRE software. Within the framework of active fire safety measures, it is in a position to control and regulate CYPEFIRE Design software 6 and FINEFIRE software 9 of the 13 requirements determined within the scope of the software's capabilities. The percentage equivalents are calculated as 46% for CYPEFIRE Design software and 69% for FINEFIRE software. When evaluated within the framework of 25 fire safety measures considered within the scope of the study, CYPEFIRE Design software provides 13, 52%, FINEFIRE software, 10, 40%, compliance control according to regulations and standards. According to these analyzes, it has been concluded that CYPEFIRE Design software meets the requirements of passive safety measures and FINEFIRE software meets the requirements of active safety measures to a greater extent. “Usability” parameters were determined to evaluate the suitability of BIM software for use. While determining the features, previous studies on this subject, especially EN ISO 9241-11, one of the International Standards Organization (ISO) standards, were taken as reference. In this study, usability was associated with five features. These; learnability, efficiency, memorability, mistakes, satisfaction. The resulting software outputs and fire safety models were evaluated according to the usability parameters of the BIM software determined within the scope of the study. According to the determined usability parameters, CYPEFIRE Design software is ahead in the evaluation of efficiency and errors, and FINEFIRE software is ahead in the evaluation of learnability and memorability. According to the results of the evaluation, both software is different from each other and creates more advantages in certain titles. Satisfaction criteria, on the other hand, are at an acceptable level in both software. As a result, considering the project on the axis of fire safety together with the architecture from the first stages of the design with computer-aided BIM software such as CYPEFIRE and FINEFIRE will support making the right decisions during the design process. It is clear that the decisions to be taken in line with the data obtained with these software, which can analyze the effect of passive and active fire safety measures on the entire building, support the management of the fire safety design process more effectively. Therefore, based on the literature review on fire protection in the BIM environment and the analysis made through BIM software that provides fire safety, it is that fire safety measures can be a natural part of BIM. Even if the software has the capabilities to provide the necessary controls for the buildings, the regulations and controls must be carried out and supervised by a fire protection specialist in the project team. Future studies on the subject should support the production of international or local software that can be resolved by analyzing the deficiencies of the software used in this field.