Effect of Esterified Glucomannan in Amelioration of Aflatoxin Induced Microscopic Changes in Broiler Chicks (original) (raw)
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Effect of dietary esterified glucomannan on performance of broilers exposed to aflatoxin
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2015
Effect of esterified glucomannan (E-GM), a new generation toxin binder enzymatically extracted from the cell wall of certain stains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in counteracting the deleterious effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicken was investigated. Broilers fed 1ppm aflatoxin-B1 recorded significantly (P<0.05) poor weekly weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency and liveability. Addition of E-GM as a feed additive, in general, in diets free of aflatoxin had no adverse effect on weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency except during second week. Addition of E-GM in birds exposed to aflatoxin significantly (P<0.05) counteracted the ill effects on weight gain and feed consumption, while the feed efficiency was restored to normal. High mortality in broilers caused by aflatoxin, was slightly reduced by the addition of E-GM.
This experimental study was performed to investigate whether there is a protective effect of different doses of Glucomannan using against aflatoxicosis in Japanese quail, and pathological changes and relative organ weights were compared. In the experiment, 60 one-day old male Japanese quails were used as divided into six different groups. Experimental groups were designated as Control(C), aflatoxin(A), glucomannan(GM), 2-fold dose of glucomannan(2GM), aflatoxin+glucomannan(A+GM) and aflatoxin+2-fold dose of glucomannan(A+2GM). While control group quails fed the standard ration as ad libitum, other groups were fed with the administrations additionally to standard diet respectively; 2mg/kg of aflatoxin to group A, 1g/kg of glucomannan to group GM, 2g/kg of glucomannan to group 2GM, 2mg/kg of aflatoxin and 1g/kg glucomannan to group A+GM, 2mg/kg of aflatoxin and 2g/ kg glucomannan to group A+2GM. All quails were euthanized at day 21 of the study and organs, (liver, spleen, kidney, thymus and bursa of Fabricius) were removed, weighed and subjected to routine histopathological procedures. Although any important macroscopic changes were not observed in the C, GM and 2GM groups, significant pathological changes were found in the groups of A, A+GM and A+2GM. In the A+GM group, the partial reduction in the severity of microscopic lesions were seen in liver, bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen, however a significant reduction in severity of lesions was noticed in A+2GM group. As a result of the study, 2g/kg of glucomannan has been found pathologically to be more effective than 1g/kg glucomannan in terms of the protection against aflatoxicosis by giving orally.
Effects of Aflatoxin on Liver and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams
The Scientific World Journal, 2012
The effects of total aflatoxin (AF) given orally on liver in Merino rams were studied. In addition, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of an esterified glucomannan (EG) for protection against aflatoxicosis. One-year-old 32 Merino rams were divided into four equal groups. The control group (C) was fed with the commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 μg/day of total AF. The EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 2 g/day of EG. The AF + EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 μg/day of total AF and 2 g/day of EG. After feeding period, tissue samples were taken from the liver in order to perform histological analyses. Vacuolar degeneration with small and large droplets and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes were observed in the AF group. The ceroid pigmentation was observed in macrophages in groups or one by one. It was observed that the fat rate in hepatocytes was 2.6% in the C group, 35.5% in the AF group, 2.9% in the EG...
British Poultry Science, 2005
1. We evaluated the efficacy of yeast glucomannan (Mycosorb Õ ), incorporated into the diet at 0 . 5 and 1 g/kg, in reducing the detrimental effects of 2 mg aflatoxin/kg diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. 2. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross-308) was divided into 6 treatment groups [Control, Aflatoxin (AF), Yeast glucomannan (YG; 0 . 5 g/kg), AF plus YG (0 . 5 g/kg), YG (1 g/kg), and AF plus YG (1 g/kg)]. 3. Ten chicks from each of the 6 groups were slaughtered and pathological examinations were performed on the liver, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and kidney. 4. The aflatoxin treatment caused moderate to severe hydropic/fatty degeneration in the hepatocytes of the liver and the tubular epithelium of the kidneys, and follicular depletion in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen. 5. Yeast glucomannan added to the aflatoxin-containing diet at 0 . 5 and 1 g/kg diminished the severity of pathological changes, slightly and moderately, respectively. The number of affected organs was also reduced in the group given 1 g/kg yeast glucomannan, compared to the aflatoxin group. 6. These results show that yeast glucomannan effectively diminished the adverse effects of aflatoxin on the pathological changes and that the higher concentration of yeast glucomannan (1 g/kg) was more effective than the lower concentration (0 . 5 g/kg) and itself had no adverse effect.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of protexin (probiotic), inulin (prebiotic) and both (synbiotics), when included in a diet containing aflatoxins and fed to growing broiler chicks (from 1 to 21 days old). The criteria of the evaluation included body weight gain, haematological profile and biochemistry, in addition to associated lesions in chicks. A total of 160 Hubbard male day-old broiler chicks were separated into eight groups that all received different diets (additional aflatoxins, protexin, inulin and symbiotic). The birds were weighed and sacrificed at the age of 21 days. Compared to the controls, aflatoxins alone significantly (p<0.05) decreased body weight gain in one group. No difference in body weight gain was found in three groups, indicating apparent protection against the deleterious effects caused by aflatoxins. The weight gain of chicks fed on the diet containing synbiotics alone or synbiotics and aflatoxins was significantly (p<0.05) greater than that of chicks on a diet containing the other treatments. The birds the second group showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in the haematological parameters in comparison with the controls. The biochemical analysis showed a considerable (p<0.05) increase in the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid and creatinine levels, with a reduction in the serum total proteins, albumin and globulins. The addition of protexin, inulin, or both, diminished the adverse effects of aflatoxins. Finally, it was concluded that the protexin, inulin and synergism of both are effective in the amelioration of the toxic effects of aflatoxins that may be present in poultry rations at levels up to 4 mg/kg diet. Synbiotics (protexin and inulin) are more effective than the protexin and the inulin alone which are variable in the alleviation of toxic effects caused by aflatoxins.
Effects of prolonged oral administration of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in broiler chickens
Poultry Science, 2005
The effects of prolonged oral administration of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) mycotoxins were evaluated in broiler chickens from 21 to 42 d of age. A total of 192 birds were housed in experimental batteries and assigned to 32 cages, 6 birds per cage. The following treatments were applied: 1) 0 mycotoxins (control), 2) 10 mg of FB 1 , 3) 50 g of AFB 1 , 4) 50 g of AFB 1 + 10 mg of FB 1 , 5) 350 g of AFB 1 , 6) 350 g of AFB 1 + 10 mg of FB 1 , 7) 2,450 g of AFB 1 , 8) 2,450 g of AFB 1 + 10 mg of FB 1 /kg of feed. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 6 birds each. At the end of the trial, blood samples from 12 birds per treatment were collected, and the birds were necropsied. Compared with controls, the percentage of heterophils was lower (P < 0.05) in birds from groups receiving 50 g of AFB 1 /kg + 10 mg of FB 1 / kg and 2450 g of AFB 1 /kg alone or in combination with FB 1 . A higher percentage of lymphocytes (P < 0.05) was observed in birds fed 50 g of AFB 1 /kg + 10 mg of FB 1 / kg, 350 g of AFB 1 /kg, and 2,450 g of AFB 1 /kg. A decrease in plasma albumin was observed only in birds (Abbreviation Key: AFB 1 = aflatoxin B 1 ; FB 1 = fumonisin B 1 ; RBC = red blood cells.
Effects of Aflatoxin B-1 and Fumonisin B-1 on Blood Biochemical Parameters in Broilers
2010
The individual and combined effects of dietary aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) on liver pathology, serum levels of aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and plasma total protein (TP) of broilers were evaluated from 8 to 41 days of age. Dietary treatments included a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of AFB 1 (0, 50 and 200 μg AFB 1 /kg), and three levels of FB 1 (0, 50 and 200 mg FB 1 /kg). At 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed 50 mg FB 1 only, concentrations of AST were higher (p < 0.05) in all other treatment groups when compared with controls. Plasma TP was lower (p < 0.05) at six days post feeding in groups fed 200 μg AFB 1 /kg alone or in combination with FB 1 . At day 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed the highest combination of AFB 1 and FB 1 which had higher plasma TP than control birds , plasma TP of birds fed other dietary treatments were similar to controls. Broilers receiving the highest levels of AFB 1 and FB 1 had bile duct proliferation and trabecular disorder in
British Poultry Science, 2006
1. Our objective was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), administered singly or in combination to broilers. 2. Feeds were prepared with concentrations equal to 0, 50 and 200 mg AFB 1 /kg, and/or 0, 50 and 200 mg FB 1 /kg, and offered to broiler chicks from 8 to 41 d of age. The experimental design was totally randomised, in a 3 Â 3 factorial arrangement with 9 treatments and 12 birds per treatment. Animals were vaccinated against Newcastle disease on d 14 of life and killed at 41 d. 3. Compared with controls, all mycotoxin-treated groups at 41 d had lower body weight and weight gain, and higher relative heart weight. The relative weight of the liver increased only in birds fed diets containing 200 mg FB 1 , singly or in combination with AFB 1 . 4. At 35 d, all groups receiving mycotoxin-treated rations had reduced geometrical mean antibody titres, with birds from groups fed combinations of AFB 1 and FB 1 /kg having even lower values, when compared to the other groups. 5. Histological changes were observed only in liver from birds fed mycotoxin-contaminated rations, and in kidneys of birds fed the diet containing 200 mg AFB 1 and 200 mg FB 1 /kg. Main alterations included vacuolar degeneration and cell proliferation of bile ducts in the liver, and hydropic degeneration in renal tubules in the kidneys. 6. We concluded that AFB 1 and FB 1 in combination have primarily additive effects on body weight, liver structure and immunological response of broilers at the concentrations used.
Four groups of broiler chickens have been treated as follows: Group 1 (control group, without AF or RHF; Group 2: (Feed contaminated with 500ppb AF without RHF), G3 (Feed contaminated with 500ppb AF+ 1 ml of RHF in drinking water), G4 (Feed contaminated with 500ppb AF+ 2 ml of RHF in drinking water). ELISA assay was conducted to estimate the AFB1 residual in the liver and the histopathological changes in livers as a result of AFB1 consumption per se or with antidote RHF. No AFB1 residues were observed in the control group livers of. Residues of 15.18 µg/kg were found in the liver tissues of the group that was fed with 500 ppb of AFB1. Significantly lower residues of 1.14 and 1.012 µg/kg were detected in livers of G3 and G4 respectively compared to AFB1fed group (G2). feeding broilers with AFB1 at levels of 500 showed measurable AFB1 residues in the tissues of the liver and enhancing mild-moderate to severe histopathological changes. Amending broiler chickens fed AFB1 with RHF significantly ameliorated the AFB1 negative effect on AFB1 residual in the liver content and was able to counteract the histopathological changes of the toxin on liver parenchyma. Therefore, the researcher conducted the study to estimate aflatoxin residues of B1in the liver (AFB1), and histopathological changes in liver via the chronic aflatoxicosis in chicks that are fed with AFB1and Rhino-Hepato ® Forte (RHF).