Systemic Osteoporosis and Reduction of the Edentulous Alveolar Ridge (original) (raw)
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Systemic non-malignant osteoporosis and reduction of edentulous alveolar ridges
Introduction. Systemic osteoporosis damages skeletal bones to different degrees. The aim of this study was to determine the intensity and correlation of the osteoporotic changes in the bone density of the skeleton and body mass index (BMI) with a reduction in edentulous mandibles, and to assess possibility of reparation of layers of mandibles with increase of mineral content in jaws of patients affected by osteoporosis. Material and Methods. In this study, 99 edentulous patients with decreased bone density comprised the experimental group, and 48 edentulous patients with normal bone densities formed the control. The age of the examined patients was 69.02 ± 7,9, range 53-74 of females and 69.11 ± 7.1, range 59-76 years. Radiographs of the hands and panoramic radiographs were done for all the patients. The values of BMI, metacarpal index, density of lumbar spine (L2-L4), in the phalanx and in segments of the mandibles as well as the edentulous alveolar ridges heights were measured, assessed and calculated. Results. The lowest value of the total skeletal density was established in the osteoporotic patients on the basis of the average T-score of- 2.5 in men, and - 2.6 in women. Minimum values of the edentulous ridges heights (right/left, in mm) were measured in both osteoporotic females (21.84/22.39) and males 24.90/24.96) patients. By comparison of the densities of the metacarpal bones, proximal phalanx, segments of the edentulous mandibles and based on the numerical values of the edentulous ridges heights, x2 = 3.81 was found in men and x2 = 4.03 was found in women with normal bone densities; x2 = 5.92 was found in men and x2 = 6.25 was found in women with osteopenia; x2 = 2.63 was found in men and x2 = 3.85 was found in women with osteoporosis, on the level of probability of 0.05. After application of calcium and calcitonin in solutions, moderate increment of density (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) was verified, compensating up to 4% of total loss of mass, minerals and solidity of denture bearing areas of osteoporotic mandibles. Conclusion. Systemic osteoporosis leads to decrease of densities of bones of mandibles and causes reduction of edentulous ridges.
Changes in jaw dimensions and bone density in patients with osteoporosis
Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije, 2009
Introduction Osteopenia and osteoporosis reduce the density and mass of jaw bones. Aim The aim of this study was to present the methods of radiographic analysis in patients with osteoporosis prior to restorative treatment. Method 127 panoramic radiographs (Kodak, USA) and 39 retroalveolar radiographs (KD 58-R 30?40 mm, USA) were used for the analysis of density (DT II 05 densitometer, England) and dimensions of jaw bones with respect to segments corresponding to bone layers. Results The results of this study indicated statistically significant differences in bone density (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in patients with osteopenia. Bone density was significantly reduced (p<0.01 and p<0.001) in osteoporotic patients, when compared to controls. Significant reductions of edentulous ridges in osteoporotic patients women X=23.05 mm (kV=30.72%) and X=22.85 mm (kV=28.81%), and men X=28.83 (kV=8.55%) as well as X=25.36 (kV=11.43%), were observed. Conclusion Bone density of the upper and lowe...
The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2021
AIM To assess the influence of gender and age on different parameters of alveolar bone loss using orthopantomogram. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty subjects were enrolled in the study (20 dentulous and 60 completely edentulous), fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Completely edentulous subjects were divided into four groups (15 males and 15 females above 60 years) and (15 males and 15 females below 60 years). Dentulous group comprised 20 subjects (10 males and 10 females) between 41 and 75 years. After taking panoramic radiographs, vertical as well as horizontal reference lines were drawn. The parameters used for evaluation included mandibular cortical index (MCI), inferior mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), alveolar bone loss (ABL), and height of bone at first premolar (Hp) and first molar (Hm) of the mandible. RESULTS There was significant association between MCI and age for females with C2 and C3 categories being more common with advancin...
CLINICAL ANATOMY ANATOMICAL CHANGES OF RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE AS A RESULT OF OSTEOPOROSIS
ANATOMICAL CHANGES OF RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE AS A RESULT OF OSTE-OPOROSIS (Abstract): Osteoporosis is considered a metabolic bone disease and can progress slowly and silently over the decades. Postmenopause and osteoporosis due to aging are the most common primary forms of bone loss. Many postmenopausal women frequently presents at a dental clinic for the treatment of dental disease and periodontal disease than to a medical office specialized in the diagnosis of osteoporosis before the occurrence of fractures. The aim of the study is to assess the residual edentulous ridge resorption in the mandible for aged patients in order to detect the presence osteoporosis by clinical examination and analysis of panoramic radiographs. Edentulous residual ridge resorption affected all patients in the present study in various proportions according to the calculated resorption index. Panoramic radiographs play a vital role in identifying women with postmenopausal undetected osteoporosis.
Assessment of osteoporotic alterations in
Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most common form of human dwarfism and has been associated with biochemical alterations of the bone tissue, also observed in cases of osteoporosis. The present case series aimed at assessing low bone density, diagnosed with spinal bone mineral density (BMD) analysis and with panoramic radiograph measurements, in ACH patients. Spinal BMD was measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar region (L1-L4). On dental panoramic radiographs of the patients, the mandibular cortical width was measured separately on the right and left sides. The Klemetti Index was also assigned as appropriate for evaluating the cortical area below the mandibular foramen. Additional parameters such as patient age, gender, body mass index, and number of teeth were also recorded. BMD results showed that 5/11 cases presented with skeletal osteopenia/osteoporosis diagnoses. Additionally, mandibular cortical erosion was detected in panoramic radiographs in 8/11 cases. The BMD and panoramic radiographic alterations found in this study suggest that the diagnosis of low bone density may have a special clinical relevance in cases of bone tissue disorders, such as achondroplasia.
Use of Panoramic Radiographs to Detect Signs of Osteoporosis in Edentulous
Objective: The objective is to analyze the importance of panoramic and carpal radiographs for evaluation of edentulous individuals in different ages, demonstrating the contribution of different dental radiographic techniques in detecting patients with signs of osteoporosis. Methods: The study was developed using panoramic and carpal digital radiographs of 30 edentulous women (age ranged 50-90 years). The panoramic radiographs was performed to measure the thickness of the mental index—MI and gonial index—GI, and evaluation of the morphology of the mandibular cortical shape (Klemetti classification). The carpal radiographs was performed to measure the cortical thickness of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpals (metacarpal index). Statistics analyzed the relationship of these indices with the patient's age and the contribution of dental radiographs in detecting patients at risk for osteoporosis. Results: The average age of subjects was 68.43 years. In the analysis of cortical thickness of the panoramic radiographs, the mean values of mental index (MI) and gonial index (GI) for the age group 50 to 59 years were considered normal values (≥3.1 mm and ≥1.2 mm , respectively). To analyze the morphology of the cortex, the C3 group corresponded to the majority of cases (43.33%). The higher the age range, more morphological changes were observed (sum of the characteristics of groups C2 and C3). For the hand-wrist radiographs, the highest values of the metacarpal index (BMI) were found in the youngest age group (50-59 years). Conclusions: There was positive correlation between age and indices of quantitative assessment (IM, IG, BMI) and qualitative (analysis Klemetti) on panoramic and carpal radiographs. Age is a risk factor for the onset of os-teoporosis.
Is there correlation between alveolar and systemic bone density?
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 2013
The present study assessed the correlation between maxillomandibular alveolar bone density and systemic bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the anterior and posterior maxillomandibular alveolar bone, of the standard sites for the measurement of BMD (lumbar spine and femur) and the third cervical vertebra was performed on 23 middle-aged women. Periapical radiographs were also obtained, with an aluminum step-wedge as reference for the digital reading of apical bone density of the upper incisors. Results: Spearman's correlations coefficients revealed that density in the apical region was correlated with that of the femoral neck (r = 0.433; p < 0.05); BMDs of the posterior regions of the mandible and maxilla were significantly correlated with that of the cervical vertebra (r = 0.554, p ≤ 0.01 and r = 0.423, p ≤ 0.05, respectively); and the anterior maxilla was correlated with the posterior mandible (r = 0.488, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Bone density of the maxillary alveolar bone was significantly correlated with that of the femoral neck. Among the bone densities of the alveolar regions, only the anterior maxilla and the posterior mandible were significantly correlated. The findings suggested that bone densitometry might be individually and locally evaluated.
Radiomorphometric Indices and their Relation to Alveolar Bone Loss: A Panoramic Radiographic Study
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022
Aim: To assess the influence of gender and age on different parameters of alveolar bone loss using specific radiomorphometric indices on panoramic radiographs to aid in identifying patients with possible low bone mineral density (BMD). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 80 subjects in whom mandibular cortical index (MCI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), alveolar bone loss (ABL), and bone height in 1st premolar (Hp) and 1st molar (Hm) were assessed to evaluate the alveolar bone loss. Results: The findings of the present study revealed a significant association between MCI and age for females with C2 and C3 categories being more common with advancing age. Also, a significant difference could be seen in relation to gender (p-value = 0.0315) for MCW with a concomitant decrease in values of MCW in females >60 years of age. The vertical bone height of the edentulous mandible at 1st premolar (Hp) (p-value = 0.0071) and 1st molar (Hm) (p-value = 0.0044) regions were also found to be more in males than females. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographic measurements provided valuable information for alveolar bone loss in terms of gender and age based on specific radiomorphometric parameters.