Swiss rectifier — A novel three-phase buck-type PFC topology for Electric Vehicle battery charging (original) (raw)
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Three-phase high power factor mains interface concepts for electric vehicle battery charging systems
2012
This paper discusses novel three-phase high power factor mains interfaces appropriate for Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging systems. Initially, a highly efficient twostage ac-dc system, consisting of a three-phase line-commuted rectifier combined with a three-phase shunt connected Active Power Filter (APF) and a group of interleaved dc-dc buck converters operating in Triangular Current Mode (TCM), is presented. In order to replace the costly APF circuit of the frontend converter, while maintaining PFC capability at the input and allowing similar operating conditions for the back-end dc-dc converter, a rectifier topology employing an active third harmonic current injection circuit is proposed. In addition, a novel three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier is introduced for EV charging systems. The characteristics of the presented EV systems, including the principle of operation, modulation strategy, suitable control structures, and dimensioning equations, are described in detail. Finally, a comprehensive comparison of the studied converters rated to 12 kW is shown.
The Essence of Three-Phase PFC Rectifier Systems—Part II
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014
In the first part of this paper, three-phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled output voltage are derived from known single-phase PFC rectifier systems and/or passive three-phase diode rectifiers. The systems are classified into hybrid and fully active pulsewidth modulation boost-type or buck-type rectifiers, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described. This facilitates the understanding of the operating principle of three-phase PFC rectifiers starting from single-phase systems, and organizes and completes the knowledge base with a new hybrid three-phase bucktype PFC rectifier topology denominated as SWISS Rectifier. Finally, core topics of future research on three-phase PFC rectifier systems are discussed, such as the analysis of novel hybrid buck-type PFC rectifier topologies, the direct input current control of buck-type systems, and the multi-objective optimization of PFC rectifier systems. The second part of this paper is dedicated to a comparative evaluation of four rectifier systems offering a high potential for industrial applications based on simple and demonstrative performance metrics concerning the semiconductor stresses, the loading and volume of the main passive components, the differential mode and common mode electromagnetic interference noise level, and ultimately the achievable converter efficiency and power density. The results are substantiated with selected examples of hardware prototypes that are optimized for efficiency and/or power density.
Electronics, 2021
A new universal front-end PFC rectifier topology of a battery charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is proposed, which allows fast charging at rated and/or full power level in case of 3-phase (Europe) as well as 1-phase (USA) mains supply. In this regard, a conventional 3-phase PFC rectifier would facilitate only one-third of the rated power in case of 1-phase operation. The new topology is based on a two-level six-switch (2LB6) 3-phase boost-type PFC rectifier, which is extended with a diode bridge-leg and additional windings of the Common-Mode (CM) chokes of the EMI filter. Besides this extension of the power circuit, the general design of the new converter is explained, and the generated Differential Mode (DM) and Common Mode (CM) EMI disturbances are investigated for 3-phase and 1-phase operation, resulting in guidelines for the EMI filter design. The EMI performance (CISPR 11 class-B QP) is experimentally verified for 1-phase and 3-phase operation at an output power of 4.5 kW, us...
2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC), 2018
Battery chargers supplied from the three-phase mains are typically realized as two-stage systems consisting of a three-phase PFC boost-type rectifier with an output DC link capacitor followed by a DC/DC buck converter if boost and buck functionality is required. In this paper, a new modulation scheme for this topology is presented, where always only one out of three rectifier half-bridges is pulse width modulated, while the remaining two phases are clamped and therefore a higher efficiency is achieved. This modulation concept with a minimum number of active half-bridges, denoted as 1/3 rectifier, becomes possible if in contrast to other modulation schemes the intermediate DC link voltage is varied in a six-pulse voltage fashion, while still sinusoidal grid currents in phase with their corresponding phase voltages and a constant battery output voltage are obtained. In this paper, a detailed description of the novel 1/3 rectifier's operating principle and the corresponding control structure are presented and the proper closed loop operation is verified by means of a circuit simulation. Finally, the performance gain of the 1/3 rectifier control scheme compared to conventional modulation schemes is evaluated by means of a virtual prototype system.
A New 3-phase Buck-Boost Unity Power Factor Rectifier with Two Independently Controlled DC Outputs
A new 3-phase buck-boost unity power factor rectifier consisting of a 3-phase bridge buck PFC rectifier and two boost dc-dc converters connected in series is proposed for an industrial application where two independent output voltages need to be controlled. This paper presents the proposed topology and the requirements for this application. The proposed and alternative topologies are briefly compared. Through this comparison, it is shown that the proposed topology offers the best solution in terms of simplicity and functionality. The operation of the new topology is described in detail and then the control strategy including PWM calculations to obtain the best performance is given. The validity of the theory and practicality of the new rectifier system is confirmed through simulation and experimental results obtained from a 5 kW prototype.
A Review of Three Phase AC-DC Power Factor Correction Converters for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging
European Journal of Science and Technology, 2022
Electric vehicle charging station for fast DC charging performs AC-DC conversion at off-board. In recent years, three-phase AC-DC power factor correction (PFC) converters are dealt with fast charger. These converters are developed using unidirectional and bidirectional power flow structure. In this study, three-phase AC-DC PFC converter topologies, providing bidirectional power flow, are evaluated in terms of performance. The aim is to present the latest technology of bidirectional multilevel AC-DC PFC converters for EV fast charging. This paper provides a comprehensive and practical review for researchers interested in fast charging infrastructure for electric vehicles.
Design and Control Methods of PFC in Onboard Chargers for Electric Vehicles
The Electric Vehicles are making their way in Automotive Sector with the up gradation of the technology. To power the EV a battery is needed and this Battery has to be charged frequently, hence an Onboard charger is needed. The onboard charger should contain a PFC circuit so that the supply or the grid is not affected by the harmonics produced by the charger. A 3-phase 4 wire Vienna rectifier is designed as a PFC circuit because of its ability in improving the Power factor, reduction in the power consumption of switches and decrease in the total harmonic distortion of current. Vienna rectifier has the ability to increase the power density specially, in case of high power DC charging. To control the Vienna rectifier a 3-level SVPWM technique is implemented because of is robustness and dynamic response. The same is simulated in the MATLAB-Simulink Environment, the results were analyzed and it proves that the proposed converter is feasible with good dynamic performance and static performance.
—One major research topic in the PFC rectifiers area is represented by efficiency improving methods, while maintaining the unity power factor. The investigated topologies in this paper are the single stage versus interleaved eight-switch rectifiers topologies with or without considering the DC-link diodes. For the eight-switch rectifier a new control strategy is proposed in [8]. The proposed interleaved switching strategy enables cancellation of the AC-side input current harmonics and reduction of DC-side voltage ripple. Performances of the four PFC rectifiers are evaluated based on simulation studies in GECKO environment. Efficiency evaluation for various power ranges is also provided. Higher power efficiency for the interleaved topologies is proved, particularly for the interleaved eight-switch PFC topology which takes into account of the DC-link diodes.
Design and Simulation of PFC based CUK Converter for Electric Vehicles Battery Charger
SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology
This paper describes a battery charger for plugin electric vehicles based on power factor conversion and CUK converter in the design of electric vehicles.. The integrated battery charger is supplied from the conventional three-phase inverter for electric vehicle, which is a power factor-correcting buck boost converter. The PFC controller changes battery voltage and monitors the converter's power supply to achieve a fast and high output unit power factor. The proposed power factor controlling which is alternative to the relationship between the input voltage rectified and the battery voltage. Simulation has been used to assess the practicality and efficiency of the battery charger of the proposed converter topology.
Single-Phase PFC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2012
In this paper, a front end ac-dc power factor correction topology is proposed for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve improved power quality, in terms of power factor correction, reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains, and precisely regulated dc output. Within this context, this paper introduces a boost converter topology for implementing digital power factor correction based on low cost digital signal controller that operates the converter in continuous conduction mode, thereby significantly reducing input current harmonics. The theoretical analysis of the proposed converter is then developed, while an experimental digital control system is used to implement the new control strategy. A detailed converter operation, analysis and control strategy are presented along with simulation and experimental results for universal ac input voltage (100-240V) to 380V dc output at up to 3.0 kW load and a power factor greater than 0.98. Experimental results show the advantages and flexibilities of the new control method for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging application.