Practices Research on Horticulture Complete Book (original) (raw)

2022, Chapter - 9 Prevalence, Characterization and Antibiogram Profiling of Fresh Leafy, Salad Vegetables and Rotten Fruits from Different Areas of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

This study was conducted to determine the microbiological quality of fresh raw and unwashed leafy and salad vegetables (red amaranth, spinach, carrot, radish, tomato, and cucumber), different fruits like-Sofeda, Pineapple, Grape, Banana, Apple, Orange, Guava, papaya, Jujube and Star fruit in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were bacteria and two strains of pathogenic fungi-Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were isolated. In betel leaves, both isolated fungi were showed their highest percentage of frequency (A. niger-66.66% and A. flavus-46.66%) where A. niger showed more pathogenic than A. flavus. The result of the pathogenicity test indicates that all the isolated fungi were pathogenic to their respective samples, except orange. The two species of Aspergillus spp. were found to be associated as the predominant fungi with the rotten fruits, vegetables and betel leaves. In case of fresh leafy and salad vegetables, the total microbial load ranged from 8x10 7 to 1.70x10 8 having 7 different organisms where the most predominant organism was Vibrio sp. (23%) followed by Klebsiella sp. (20%), Acinetobacter sp. (19%), Pseudomonas sp. (19%), Salmonella sp. (8%), Moraxella sp. (8%) and Escherichia coli (3%) and 11% of the Vibrio sp. isolates were V. cholerae, found from 4 samples, but no presence of V. cholerae was observed in the tomato samples. E. coli was observed only in Carrot sample. Commercial antibiotic discs were used for antibiogram by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar medium. In case of antibiogram profiling of rotten fruits, majority exhibited resistance against Erythromycin, Vancomycin and Amoxycillin and showing sensitivity against Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. It was observed in the current study that 100% isolates were resistant against Erythromycin, followed by Amoxycillin 90.63% and Vancomycin 86.25%, where only 35.27% isolates were resistant against Ciprofloxacin. In case of sensitivity 64.73% isolates were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin followed by Ceftriaxone 66.25%. on the contrary, in case of fresh leafy and salad vegetables, the isolated organisms were tested against antibiotics among which Imipenem showed the highest sensitivity (86%), followed by Ceftriaxone (100%), Nitrofurantoin (94%), Erythromycin (89%) and Amoxicillin (83%) had the highest resistance against the isolated organisms; however most of the isolates showed a multi-drug resistance pattern and they were resistant to at least four drugs.