Artificial sweeteners and their health effects (original) (raw)

Artificial Sweeteners: Efficacy, safety, and physiological effects in humans: Review

المجلة العربیة للعلوم الزراعیة

With the increased demand for better health among many individual, the turning to sweeteners has been rampant as most of them contain low calories. As such, many companies have turned to the production and purchase of artificial sweeteners due to their less usage, lowering the production cost, while also improving users' calories level of consumption. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recognize various artificial sweeteners including acesulfame-K, aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose, among others, where it also defines the acceptable daily intake value (ADI). However, despite the immense use and benefits, there are many concerns, particularly the health concerns over increased use of artificial sweeteners, where some people perceive that they promote cancer, gastrointestinal issues, and brain damage, among other issues. Hence, this review discussed artificial sweeteners, types, and their metabolic and health effects, and their usage.

Artificial Sweeteners and their Health Implications: A Review

Sugar is an inevitable part of our diet. Since ages, sweeteners have been used to enhance the flavour and appearance of food products. Sweeteners may be natural or synthetically produced. Those that are synthetic, as a whole, are referred to as artificial sweeteners. This review aims at highlighting the characteristics and health implications of artificial sweeteners. In this review, the physical and chemical characteristics of artificial sweeteners are highlighted. Also, the impact of artificial sweeteners on human health is discussed in detail. The data has been collected using standard search engines like PubMed, Google scholar and websites of publishing houses like Elsevier and springer. Results and Discussion: Today, due to high calorie content, natural sweeteners are getting replaced by artificial ones. The US Food and Drug Administration(USFDA) has approved utilization of five artificial sweeteners namely, saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, neotame and cyclamate. However, artificial sweeteners should be consumed carefully and in limited quantities. This is because the consumption of artificial sweeteners is controversial owing to their effects on health ranging from mild headache to dreadful cancer risks. Conclusion: Hence, long term study of these sweeteners for further safety evaluation on health risks is essential.

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences An Analysis of Toxicity of Artificial Sweeteners

2024

Monosaccharides and disaccharides, natural sweeteners, have some nutritional value, but artificial sweeteners have few or absence of nutritional advantages. The influence of sugar on health is a subject of debate, especially in light of increasing apprehensions over diabetes and obesity. In the 21st century, a growing number of individuals opt for low-calorie, artificially sweetened items to control their weight and blood glucose levels due to increasing health awareness. Although widely used, artificial sweeteners are controversial because of their safety and effectiveness concerns. According to reports, these medications may have adverse effects such as headaches, weight gain, and organ malfunction, which raises concerns about their prolonged usage. Conversely, sweeteners derived from natural sources, such as stevia, are seen as being more secure. While the FDA has approved some artificial sweeteners, there is still ongoing dispute regarding their metabolic consequences. Hence, customers had to select between synthetic and organic sweeteners meticulously. The early published reviews of the "Artificial Sweeteners" were deficient in extensive long-term human investigations, mainly depended on animal research, neglected to analyze different types of sweeteners, and disregarded confounding factors such as food and lifestyle. This review aims to acquire information regarding the various types of available sweeteners, their composition, their impact on human health, and a thorough comparison between natural and artificial sweeteners. This review aims to assist readers in developing a healthy diet plan and making informed choices when using products that contain sweeteners.

Artificial sweeteners and their association with Diabetes: A review

J Pub Health Catalog, 2019

Over a century ago, Artificial Sweeteners (AS) were developed as food additives to provide sweetness without the associated high caloric content of sugar. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved five artificial sweeteners: aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, neotame and sucralose. These sweeteners have also been deemed safe for people with diabetes and are used to reduce both caloric and carbohydrate intake. However, despite the widespread consumption of artificial sweeteners by lean, overweight and obese individuals alike, obesity and diabetes continue to dramatically rise. This review examines the relationship between artificial sweeteners and diabetes and the need for continued investigation into the consumption of artificial sweeteners.

Artificial sweeteners – a review

Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2011

Now a days sugar free food are very much popular because of their less calorie content. So food industry uses various artificial sweeteners which are low in calorie content instead of high calorie sugar. U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved aspartame, acesulfamek, neotame, cyclamate and alitame for use as per acceptable daily intake (ADI) value. But till date, breakdown products of these sweeteners have controversial health and metabolic effects. On the other hand, rare sugars are monosaccharides and have no known health effects because it does not metabolize in our body, but shows same sweet taste and bulk property as sugar. Rare sugars have no such ADI value and are mainly produced by using bioreactor and so inspite of high demand, rare sugars cannot be produced in the desired quantities.

Artificial sweeteners: regulation, technological implications in food production and health

Uningá Journal

Sweeteners provide a sweet taste to foods and are used to replace sucrose and reduce caloric value. Acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, saccharin, sucralose and neotame are the artificial sweeteners regulated in Brazil by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). The consumption of these additives has become controversial due to recent scientific evidence questioning their safety and outcomes regarding weight loss, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, insulin resistance, diabetes and cancer. Even today, little is known about the long-term consequences of their consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a review of artificial sweeteners regulated in Brazil, contextualizing their regulatory framework, the technological implications regarding their use and the effects on health. Considering the now controversial outcomes regarding the consumption of many artificial sweeteners, and the long period in which levels of acceptable daily intake have been i...

The Safety of Artificial Sweeteners and their Use in Pharmaceuticals

2019

Artificial sweeteners are sugar substitutes that add sweetness to foods and beverages without the extra calories found in sugar. These additives are used to help patients with diabetes avoid hyperglycemia and assist people in losing weight or avoiding weight gain by providing a replacement to higher calorie sugar-sweetened foods. Artificial sweeteners can be found in many sugar-free beverages, candies and gum, as well as pharmaceutical products. Although artificial sweeteners are often recommended over the sugar-sweetened alternatives in weight loss and diabetes prevention, the use of such products are not without risk. Studies have been conducted to assess artificial sweeteners involvement in contributing to cancer, genotoxicity and diabetes. To provide optimal health care to patients, it is imperative to know the implications involved with these risks. Pharmaceutical products formulated for oral and peroral administration have been sweetened by both artificial and natural sweetene...

A Review on Non Nutritive Artificial Sweetener Aspartame

In recent years, sensitivity to sweeteners, such as aspartame, saccharine, xylitol and D-sorbitol during childhood and adolescence has increased. More sugar consumption means more calories consumed, which can contribute to disorders like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems in the human body. However, the healthy use of the sweeteners has been challenged. In the human diet, multiple sweeteners are added to replace sucrose. They had their own constraints and concerns, however, particularly in terms of their taste and their long-term health effects. Artificial sweeteners, sometimes known as sugar substitutes, are widely used in the processed food, dairy, and pharmaceutical industries. Increased consumer understanding of the adverse health effects of eating excess added sugars has contributed to a rise in sucrose substitution in foods and beverages. The primary goal of this review is to cover the various types of sweeteners, their history, synthesis, metabolism, chemical structure, applications, toxicity, therapeutic uses, health advantages, and hazardous effects.

Characteristics of sweeteners used in foods and their effects on human health

Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

Foodstuffs containing large amounts of sucrose, which is rapidly absorbed by the human body, cause a marked increase in blood glucose levels; for some people, especially those with diabetes, this is undesirable. Therefore, efforts were undertaken to produce food with a reduced calorie content, but maintaining a sweet taste. Additionally, food producers were interested in cutting costs by replacing sugar with a cheaper alternative.Saccharin, one of the first synthetic sweeteners, was discovered in the USA in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Subsequently, other sugar substitutes were developed: synthetic (e.g. aspartame or acesulfame K), semi-synthetic (xylitol, mannitol), or polyols.The latter were used during the First and Second World War to increase the calorific content of the available food. Nowadays, the advancing obesity epidemic has resulted in the increasing popularity of synthetic and semi-synthetic sweeteners. However, from the beginning of their existence there have been...