Correlation of COVID-19 with Parkinson’s disease and life expectancy indicates female population predominance in future (original) (raw)
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Risk of Hospitalization and Death for COVID‐19 in People with Parkinson's Disease or Parkinsonism
Movement Disorders, 2020
ABSTRACTBackgroundThe risk of COVID‐19 and related death in people with Parkinson's disease or parkinsonism is uncertain. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of hospitalization for COVID‐19 and death in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease or parkinsonism compared with a control population cohort, during the epidemic bout (March–May 2020) in Bologna, northern Italy.MethodsParticipants of the ParkLink study with the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease or parkinsonism and people anonymously matched (ratio 1:10) for sex, age, district, and Charlson Index were included. The hospital admission rate for COVID‐19 (February 26–May 31, 2020) and the death rate for any cause were the outcomes of interest.ResultsThe ParkLink cohort included 696 subjects with Parkinson's disease and 184 with parkinsonism, and the control cohort had 8590 subjects. The 3‐month hospitalization rate for COVID‐19 was 0.6% in Parkinson's disease, 3.3% in parkinsonism, and 0....
Predictors of COVID-19 outcome in Parkinson's disease
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 2020
Specific pre-existing medical conditions (e.g. hypertension or obesity), advanced age and male sex appear linked to more severe manifestations of SARS Co-V2 infection, thus raising the question of whether Parkinson's disease (PD) poses an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: In order to describe the outcome of COVID-19 in multi-centre a cohort of PD patients and explore its potential predictors, we gathered the clinical information of 117 community-dwelling patients with COVID-19 followed in 21 tertiary centres in Italy, Iran, Spain, and the UK. Results: Overall mortality was 19.7%, with a significant effect of co-occurrence of dementia, hypertension, and PD duration. Conclusions: The frailty caused by advanced PD poses an increased risk of mortality during COVID-19.
European Journal of Neurology
Background and purpose: The patterns of long-term risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization for COVID-19, and related death are uncertain in people with Parkinson disease (PD) or parkinsonism (PS). The aim of the study was to quantify these risks compared to a control population cohort, during the period March 2020-May 2021, in Bologna, Northern Italy. Methods: ParkLink Bologna cohort (759 PD, 192 PS) and controls (9226) anonymously matched (ratio = 1:10) for sex, age, district, and comorbidity were included. Data were analysed in the whole period and in the two different pandemic waves (March-May 2020 and October 2020-May 2021). Results: Adjusted hazard ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.7) in PD and 1.9 (95% CI = 1.3-2.8) in PS compared to the controls. The trend was detected in both the pandemic waves. Adjusted hazard ratio of hospitalization for COVID-19 was 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8-1.7) in PD and 1.8 (95% CI = 0.97-3.1) in PS. A higher risk of hospital admission was detected in PS only in the first wave. The 30-day mortality risk after hospitalization was higher (p = 0.048) in PS (58%) than in PD (19%) and controls (26%). Conclusions: Compared with controls, after adjustment for key covariates, people with PD and PS showed a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the first 15 months of the pandemic. COVID-19 hospitalization risk was increased only in people with PS and only during the first wave. This group of patients was burdened by a very high risk of death after infection and hospitalization.
A 6-month longitudinal study on worsening of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
npj Parkinson's Disease
Further studies are required to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression. This study investigated the motor and non-motor progression of people with PD (PWP) at 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that during the pre-pandemic period. Patients were recruited from Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, in the period between April 2019 and December 2020. Fifty patients were included, of whom 17 and 33 patients were followed for 6 months before and during the pandemic, respectively. All patients were assessed at baseline and at 6 months using the MDS-UPDRS, Schwab and England scale (S&E), Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y), Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Both groups were matched in age, gender, and disease characteristics. Patients followed during the pandemic showed more ...
COVID-19 and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Acta Neurologica Belgica
This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence, symptoms, and outcomes of COVID-19 in the elderly with Parkinson's disease (PD) by searching in the international databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and EMBASE using the keywords of "COVID-19" and "Parkinson's." All articles related to Parkinson's disease and COVID-19 from January 2019 to October 20, 2021 were reviewed. The STATA software was used for analysis. A total of 20 articles were selected for data extraction in this meta-analysis, of which ten were cross-sectional studies (to determine the prevalence), five case-control studies, and five cohort studies (to examine the association). The results of the meta-analysis showed the prevalence of COVID-19 in patients with PD was 1.06% (95% CI 1.03-1.1%; P = 0.02), and the prevalence of their hospitalization due to COVID-19 was 0.98% (95% CI: 0.95-1.02%; P = 0.00). Also, the prevalence of depression and anxiety during the pandemic in this group was 46% (95% CI 29-64%; P = 0.00) and 43% (95% CI: 24-63%; P = 0.00), respectively. The prevalence of tremor and sleep problems were higher than those of other symptoms in the studied population. According to the results, there was no significant difference in the risk of COVID-19 infection between Parkinson's patients and healthy people. In other words, the risk of COVID-19 infection was equal in both groups (RR = 1.00 (CI 95% 0.77-1.30%; P = 0.15)). The results showed mortality and hospitalization rates of the elderly with Parkinson's disease were not significantly different from those of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and mental disorders increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. So, designing and developing more specific studies, like cohort studies, with large sample size is required for assessing these associations.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9 (2021) 263-272, 2021
After Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. According to WHO data, about 1% of the world's population over 60 years of age is affected by PD, and its incidence increases with age. Information about mortality plays a relevant role in the planning and distribution of financial resources in the areas of public health, social assistance and the like. Thus, this article aims to describe the evolution of PD mortality in the Brazilian state capitals, in the period from 2010 to 2019. A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted, based on data collection (number of deaths and estimated resident population), by sex and age group, available in the DATASUS SIM. Mortality rates were calculated per 100 thousand inhabitants; and statistical tests of linear regression, the t-test, ANOVA and the Tukey test, using the R program, were performed to evaluate the significance of the data. The number of deaths and mortality rates were higher in males compared to females and the incidence of mortality was higher in the over 80s. Notably, the southeastern region presented the highest mortality rates, which is to be expected because it concentrates the highest proportion of elderly people. It is hoped that such data will aid the implementation of public health policies and adequate social assistance for those affected by PD, in order to improve their quality of life.
Effects of COVID ‐19 on Parkinson's Disease Clinical Features: A Community‐Based Case‐Control Study
Movement Disorders, 2020
The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been poorly characterized so far. Out of 141 PD patients resident in Lombardy, we found twelve COVID-19 cases (8.5%), whose mean age and disease duration (65.5 and 6.3 years, respectively) were similar to controls. Changes in clinical features in the period January-April 2020 were compared with those of 36 PD control subjects, matched for sex, age, and disease-duration, using the clinical impression of severity index for PD, the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale parts II and IV, and the non-motor symptoms scale. Motor and nonmotor symptoms significantly worsened in the COVID-19 group, requiring therapy adjustment in one-third of cases. Clinical deterioration was explained by both infection-related mechanisms and impaired pharmacokinetics of dopaminergic therapy. Urinary issues and fatigue were the most prominent nonmotor issues. Cognitive functions were marginally involved, while none experienced autonomic failure.
Worsened Parkinson’s Disease Progression: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of Parkinson's Disease
Whilst some studies investigated the impact of viral infection or reduced access to medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), data on the effects of pandemic restrictions are still scarce. We retrospectively analyzed motor symptoms of longitudinally followed PD patients (n = 264) and compared motor disease progression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we performed a trend analysis of the yearly evolution of motor symptoms in 755 patients from 2016 until 2021. We observed a worsening of motor symptoms and a significantly increased motor disease progression during pandemic-related restrictions as compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak.
COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease: What Do We Know So Far?
Journal of Parkinson's Disease
Background: Many studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients affected by Coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) were recently published. However, the small sample size of infected patients enrolled in most studies did not allow to draw robust conclusions on the COVID-19 impact in PD. Objective: We aimed to assess whether the prevalence and outcome of COVID-19 in PD patients are different from those observed in the general population. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting data on PD patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (PD-COVID+). We extracted prevalence, clinical-demographic data, outcome, and mortality. We also analyzed risk or protective factors based on comparisons between PD-COVID+ and control populations with PD without COVID-19 or without PD with COVID-19. Results: We included 16 studies reporting on a total of 11,325 PD patients, 1,061 with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The median infection prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 8.5%. PD-COVID+ patients ...