Review on the Current Status of Ethiopian Indigenous Goat Production (original) (raw)
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The Constraints and Opportunities of Indigenous Goat Production in Ethiopia: A Review
This review aims to generate basic information for beneficiaries and users about the constraints and opportunities for goat production. Ethiopia has a large number of livestock; 65.35 million cattle, 39.89 million sheep, 50.50 million goats, 8.98 million donkeys, 2.11 million horses, 7.70 million camels, 0.38 million mules, and 48, 96 million chickens. The country has the largest number of goats on the continent, which serves several functions for the communities. Goat production was largely affected by food shortages, diseases and parasites, market depressions, low genetic production, and severe water shortages. Institutional support for research and development, creating diversified production systems, and the presence of indigenous knowledge are some opportunities for goat production in Ethiopia. It is important to use modern production systems with advanced technology in urban and urban areas and to improve the traditional system in rural areas by adding food and better medical care.
Analysis of goat production situation at Arsi Negele Woreda, Ethiopia
Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 2011
The study was conducted at Arsi Negele District of Oromia Regional Administrative Zone with objectives of: (1) Assessing goat production situation of the area (2) identifying problems limiting goat production of the area, (3) Generating information for development practitioners working in the area to improve the situation. The sampled kebele were selected based on the potential of goat production and suitability of the area for transportation. Fifteen to twenty key informant farmers were identified with development workers for group discussion per the sampled kebele. Both female and male households were invited for group discussion. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques and methods were employed for data collection. A mix of PRA tools like group discussion, pair wise ranking, seasonal calendar and secondary data reviews were employed during data collection. The study is based on qualitative data analysis using descriptive statistics. From the current study it was realized that goat production is one of the major livelihood options for the goat keepers of the area. The study also identified that goat production plays a pivotal role in many ways for the goat keepers of the area. Its significance includes; serving as a source of milk, butter, and meat as well as income generation. In addition to this, it is considered as wealth and has contributed to social values. Furthermore, farmers also consider it as a risk mitigation strategy to cope with adverse environmental effects; this is mainly when shortage of rain occurs at the area or when scarcity of production occurs. Farmers also identified that goat production is advantageous because of having short generation intervals which give quick production for market. These huge contributions are also considered as the major reasons behind for keeping goat in the study area. Despite these benefits, goat rearing practices of the area have been constrained by many factors which can be categorized under genetic and non-genetic categories. The major non-genetic factors identified include; diseases like sheep and goat pox, diarrhea, ecto-parasite, circling disease, mastitis, anthrax, and pasteurellosis, shortage of feeds, weak extension services, and market related problems. Genetic related factors are mainly associated with lack of breed improvement interventions. Therefore, the study recommends that goat production extension package generation, development and popularization for the study area needs to be giving due attention by the stake holders working in the area.
Indigenous Goat Production Systems in Selected Districts of Wester Amhara, Ethiopia
2015
Introduction: Smallholder farmers predominate in developing countries and they are entirely dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods (Dixon et al., 2001). About three fourth of the poor in developing countries live in rural areas and two-thirds of the rural people in these countries keep livestock (Owen et al., 2005). In Ethiopia, more than 85% of the human population depends on agriculture for their livelihoods (Solomon Abegaz, 2014) and usually keep livestock as pastoralists or in mixed crop livestock systems. The livestock population of Ethiopia is currently estimated to be 53.99 million cattle, 25.5 million sheep, 24.06 million goats, 6.75 million donkeys, 1.91 million horses, 0.35 million mules and 0.92 million camels excluding nomadic areas and is diverse genetically. Goats aged two Years and older accounts about 51.44%; among
Indigenous Goat Husbandry Practices and Its Production Environment in Case of South Western Ethiopia
This study was conducted in south western Ethiopia, with the main objective of describing indigenous goat husbandry practices and its production environment. For study, a total of 180 sampled households were employed for interview (questionnaire survey and key informative). Mixed crop livestock production system was a common type of farming system with large proportion of goat per household (13.5±0.55). The main purpose of keeping goat was to generate income followed by meat and saving. Communal grazing was the major feed source both in dry and wet season in the study areas. The most dominant housing system in the study area was separate (62.2%) followed by expansion of the main house (25%) and inside main house (12.8%). About 90.6% of the farmers were practiced castration at the age of 26.9±0.83 months in Meanit Goldiya and19.2±0.70 months in Guraferda districts. Disease, predator and feed shortage were the three most important goat production constraints in both areas. Therefore, based on the reason of keeping goats by farmers, the main breeding objective has been defined as increasing meat production (improve growth rate and conformation) across the studied areas. Thus, full utilization is needs to improve the husbandry practices, put in an application of suitable disease prevention system and applying forage development strategies and feeding system.
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2020
This study was aimed to generate organized information based on household survey. The study was conducted in three districts each representing different agro-ecologies. A total of 156 households (52 in each agro-ecology) were interviewed for the household survey. Data on goat production system were collected through questionnaire. The collected data recorded and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 and then described by descriptive statistics. According to this study, the average goat flock size in household was 7.6 in highland, 7.75 in midland and 10.2 in lowland study areas. The main reason of keeping goat in study area was for cash income, milk production, saving purpose. Natural pasture and river were the major feed and water source for goats in the study area in dry and rain season respectively. The majority of the households use separate type of housing in highland (59.6%) and in midland (76.9%) study areas, while in lowland (73.1%) study area uses kraal types of housing system. Herding practice of farmers 78.8% in highland, 90.4% in midland and 67.3% in lowland study areas of households run their goats separate from other households. Most of goat owners in the study area use uncontrolled type of mating. Growth rate, body appearance, liter size and color are most important traits in study area to select breeding bucks and does. In this area about 53.8% in highland, 51.9% in midland and 75% in lowland farmers did not carry out castration practice. As indicated present result, goat pox, diarrhea, ticks, anthrax and foot and mouth disease were goat diseases prevail in the study area. For treating their goats majority (62.8%) of goat owners in the study area accessed only government veterinary clinics. Feed shortage, disease and predator were main goat production constraints in study area. From this study results, improved forage establishment program, developing water sources, Teramaj Abebe et al.,
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2018
Most of the livestock population in Asossa zone is comprised of indigenous goats, which have remarkable socioeconomic relevance to the society. This study aimed to generate information on the production system and production constraints of goats in the study area. The study was conducted based on a household survey in which 192 households were purposively sampled. The households were located in Sherkole, Kurmuk and Menge districts that have a high goat population in Asossa zone. Data were recorded in MS Excel data sheet and analyzed using SAS. A chi-square and GLM procedure of SAS was used to test significant differences among categorical and quantitative variables. The primary reason for keeping goats was for cash income with an index value of 0.46, 0.34 and 0.31 for Sherkole Kurmuk and Menge districts, respectively. Milk was the second purpose for rearing goats, with a ranking index value of 0.29, 0.30 and 0.30 for Sherkole, Kurmuk, and Menge districts, respectively. Grazing on natural pasture was the major feed source for goat production in the three districts (with an index of 0.86, 0.91 and 0.0.87 for Sherkole, Kurmuk and Menge districts, respectively). Although the majority of households (59 %, 75% and 62.5% in Sherkole, Kurmuk, and Menge districts, respectively) used yard type of housing, the number of households that used this type of housing was significantly different (p<0.05) among the three districts. Majority of goat owners used an uncontrolled type of mating that accounts 92.2%, 89.1% and 85.9% in Sherkole, Kurmuk, and Menge districts, respectively. Feed shortage (with ranking index value of 0.30, 0.34 and 0.28 in Sherkole Kurmuk and Menge districts, respectively) and water shortage (with ranking index value 0.21, 0.23 and 0.22 in Sherkole Kurmuk and Menge districts, respectively) were the first and second goat production constraints. Age at sexual maturity was 7.52 months for males and 7.84 months for female goats in this region. Goats play a multi-functional role for the community by adapting to the different constraints that need intervention mechanisms from responsible bodies to boost the productivity of the sector.
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2018
Background of the Study Agriculture has many important roles in the Ethiopian economy. Ethiopia has divers agro-ecological zones suitable for livestock production. By becoming more responsible for environment and strengthening relationships with rural areas. Agriculture has assumed social roles besides its economic ones the livestock sector faces domestic resources constraints (limited feed supply) and heavily pressure from cheaper livestock important the performance of the livestock sector in sub-Saharan Africa over most of the last two decades has been far from impressive. The production and consumption gap for the major food a commodity has widened across the continent. More than 90 percent of these goats are located in Asia and Africa, with only 1.8 percent in Europe. Where decrease and a pain are the countries with the most leads. Over the past 50 years, the goats' populations have multiplied by 2.4 times, while other livestock species have maintained or decreased their population. About 1 billion goats (1996 120 851) FAOSTAT, 2013). Goat have been the most rapidly expanding livestock subsector for more than 20 years. The world goat's population has increased by about 66 percent over the past 20 years. Compared with 14 percent growth for cod the (FAOSTAT, 2013). However most of this growth has accrued in low income countries (which account for about 80 percent of the world's goats) and most of the goat milk or meat produced for own consumption farms, with ovary small share traded probably loss than percent (Dubeut et al, 2004). Goat population is immense in Ethiopians estimated at 22.6 million heads (ESA, 2016). It is found widely distributed across the different agro-ecological zones of the country (EARO, 2000). Google are found by small holder farmers as an integral part of livestock sub-setter (Tekely and Kasali, 1992) and contribute to both substance and east income generation (EARO, 2000). Goat production plays a vital role in the live hood of small-scale farmers from livestock and an important component of agricultural activities in southern Africa and developing countries. It is the most important agricultural activity in most of the countries in south. Goat production kept for various uses including drought power, milk, meat and
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2016
This survey study was conducted in Humbo district of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, with the objectives of assessing goat production systems, constraints of goat production, goat milk consumption status and factors affecting goat’s milk consumption. Stepwise sampling method was employed and 103 representative households were selected. The mean landholding size was 1.8 ha (ranging from 0.25 to 7 ha). The mean total goat holding was 5.2 heads (ranging from 1 to 22 heads). Goats were reared for asset, meat production, milk production and as source of income. Extensive (55.4%) and semi-intensive (44.6%) were the two goat production systems identified. Ranked by the respondents, shortage of browsing area (1 st ), feed shortage (2 nd ), prevalence of disease (3 rd ) and lack of improved goat breeds (4 th ) were the major constraints for goat production. Goat milk consumption was not common (about 96% of the respondents did not consume goat’s milk), because of different factors including...
goat production, 2015
Introduction Ethiopia consists a huge and diverse goats population. The diversified genetic resources is vital for the present and future livelihoods of the large rural farmers in the country. In Ethiopia, there was about 22.6 million heads of goats that were distributed across different agro-ecological zones of the country (CSA 2012). These resources provide a vast range of products and various services such as immediate cash income, meat, milk, skin, manure, risk management and social functions to many smallholder farmers in the country (Adane and Girma 2008). They also serve as sources of foreign currency through meat and live animal exports (Berhanu et al 2006) and have various social and cultural values; nevertheless the wider variations exist among different cultures, socio-economies and agro-ecologies of the country. Ethiopia has large goat resources than most of African countries. The relative importance of these resources and their products varied from region to region and are largely determined by ecological and economic factors. Traditionally, keeping large number of goats was considered as an expression of wealth and/or social status in the rural community. However, with ever increasing human population and drastically shrinking of farming land, goat production is becoming a predominant farming practice, particularly for the landless youth and poor families in the rural areas, while their counterparts, the large ruminants, are facing difficulty during critical seasons of feed shortage (Legesse et al 2008). On other hands, efficient livestock marketing system plays an essential role in assuring better income and benefit for producers. Production without access to market is also a problem for many livestock owners in tropical countries (Lightfoot et al 2005). In Ethiopia, small ruminant production lacks reliable marketing outlets that would benefit small scale small ruminant producers; the pastoralists and consumers (AIS 2003). In many parts of the world, rural people often claim the only reason why they cannot improve their living standards is the difficulties in accessing markets (IFAD 2003). Also with limited opportunities for access to markets goats are often kept beyond their optimum productive levels. This study was therefore, carried out in Yabello woreda of Borana zone. The Borana rangeland was highly endowed with various species of vegetations dominated by mixtures of perennial and woody plants, trees and shrubs with varying composition in response to intensity of grazing and browsing (Coppock 1994). The Long-eared Somali goats have been so far characterized as a dominant goats