Gait Characteristics under Imposed Challenge Speed Conditions in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease During Overground Walking (original) (raw)
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Biosensors, 2019
This study investigated the difference in the gait of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), age-matched controls and young controls during three walking patterns. Experiments were conducted with 24 PD, 24 age-matched controls and 24 young controls, and four gait intervals were measured using inertial measurement units (IMU). Group differences between the mean and variance of the gait parameters (stride interval, stance interval, swing interval and double support interval) for the three groups were calculated and statistical significance was tested. The results showed that the variance in each of the four gait parameters of PD patients was significantly higher compared with the controls, irrespective of the three walking patterns. This study showed that the variance of any of the gait interval parameters obtained using IMU during any of the walking patterns could be used to differentiate between the gait of PD and control people.
Physiotherapy Research International, 2013
Background. Gait initiation is a major motor problem for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). To understand the gait initiation in patients with PD, fluctuation on the first three steps of initiation was examined Methods. Force distribution measurement platform was used to record gait initiation in 10 patients with PD and healthy participants. Step length, step time and step width, as well as its coefficient of variation (CV) were investigated Results. The findings demonstrated significant main effect of group on step length (p < 0.001), step time (p = 0.034) and step width (p = 0.002), significant main effect of step on step time (p < 0.001) and step width (p < 0.001). No interaction between group and step (p > 0.05) was found on the variables. Compared with healthy participants, patients with PD showed significantly shorter step length in the first (p < 0.001), second (p = 0.001) and third (p = 0.001) steps and longer step time in the second step (p < 0.001). No difference in CV (p > 0.05) of the variables between groups comparison. Both groups had significant longer step time in the first step compared with the second step (PD, p < 0.001; healthy participants, p < 0.001) and the third steps (PD, p < 0.001; healthy participants, p < 0.001). They demonstrated significant wider step width in the first step when compared with the second step (PD, p = 0.043; healthy participants, p < 0.001) and the third steps (PD, p = 0.002; healthy participants, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Patients with PD showed shorter step length of all steps, longer step time in the second step and similar step width when compared with healthy participants. Among the three steps, both groups demonstrated longer step time and wider step width in the first step when compared with other two step.
Quantitative Normative Gait Data in a Large Cohort of Ambulatory Persons with Parkinson’s Disease
PLoS ONE, 2012
Background: Gait performance is widely evaluated to assess health status in older adult populations. While several investigators have presented normative values for spatiotemporal gait parameters drawn from older adult populations, the literature has been void of large-scale cohort studies, which are needed in order to provide quantitative, normative gait data in persons with Parkinson's disease. The aim of this investigation was to provide reference values for clinically important gait characteristics in a large sample of ambulatory persons with Parkinson's disease to aid both clinicians and researchers in their evaluations and treatments of gait impairment. Methodology/Principal Findings: Gait performance was collected in 310 individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease as they walked across a pressure sensitive walkway. Fourteen quantitative gait parameters were measured and evaluated with respect to Hoehn and Yahr disease staging and gender. Disease duration and age were controlled for in all analyses. Individuals with the greatest Parkinson's disability walked significantly slower with shorter steps and stride lengths than the mild and moderately affected groups. Further, the most affected patients spent more time with both feet on the ground, and walked with a wider base of support than the moderately disabled patients. No differences were detected between the mild and moderate disability groups on any of the gait parameters evaluated. Conclusions/Significance: Reference values for 14 gait parameters in a large cohort of ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease are provided and these may be highly useful for assessing and interpreting an individual's gait dysfunction. It is important for clinicians and researchers to appreciate the lack of change in quantitative parameters as PD patients move from mild to moderate gait impairment.
The evaluation of gait problems and related factors in patients with Parkinson’s disease
International Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 2018
Background/aim: The purpose of study is to determine the gait performance and other factors related to turning in mild and moderate phase Parkinson's disease patients (PD). Methods: Ninety two patients were followed up for observation. After passing neurological examinations, the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn/Yahr Scale (H&Y), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Tinetti test, Berg Balance test, 6 m walking test, step count, 360° turning duration, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were applied. All cases were evaluated according to the "on" period. Results: Forty one females and 51 males participated in the study. The duration of time it took to turn right was 8.22 ±6.26 seconds, and the time it took to turn from left was 8.51±6.63 sec. There appeared to be no statistical difference in the turn times of patients either in terms of the socioeconomic factors of gender, education level, or employment status. But, statistically significant relationships were found when it came to in both directions, age, duration of illness, UPDRS, FIM, Tinetti, the Berg Test, the walking test, and the number of steps taken. Conclusion: Results suggest that 360 degree turning performance in mild and moderate stage PD is strongly associated with patient's age, disease duration and disease severity.
Scientific Reports
We systematically reviewed observational and clinical trials (baseline) studies examining differences in gait parameters between Parkinson’s disease (PD) in on-medication state and healthy control. Four electronic databases were searched (November-2018 and updated in October-2020). Independent researchers identified studies that evaluated gait parameters measured quantitatively during self-selected walking speed. Risk of bias was assessed using an instrument proposed by Downs and Black (1998). Pooled effects were reported as standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. A total of 72 studies involving 3027 participants (1510 with PD and 1517 health control) met the inclusion criteria. The self-selected walking speed, stride length, swing time and hip excursion were reduced in people with PD compared with healthy control. Additionally, PD subjects presented higher cadence and double support time. Although with a smaller difference for treadm...
NeuroRehabilitation, 2021
BACKGROUND: In patients with Parkinson disease (PD), severe postural and gait impairments are rarely observed in early stage of disease and non-motor symptoms (NMS) are often overlooked. OBJECTIVE: This observational study aimed to characterize the impact of non-motor impairments on walking kinematics in early stages PD patients, and to assess the differences of gait parameters and NMS between PD patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Twenty-six patients with Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale score≤2 were evaluated for NMS using Kings Parkinson’s Pain Scale, Parkinson Fatigue Severity scale, Parkinson Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, kinematic parameters through an inertial sensor and cognitive performance by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. RESULTS: Fatigue had a moderate negative correlation with step cadence, and a moderate to strong positive correlation with gait duration, Timed Up and Go (TUG) and TUG Dua...
Neurology International
This study aimed to investigate possible differences in spatio-temporal gait parameters of people with Parkinson’s Disease (pwPD) when they are tested either in laboratory using 3D Gait Analysis or in a clinical setting using wearable accelerometers. The main spatio-temporal gait parameters (speed, cadence, stride length, stance, swing and double support duration) of 31 pwPD were acquired: i) using a wearable accelerometer in a clinical setting while wearing shoes (ISS); ii) same as condition 1, but barefoot (ISB); iii) using an optoelectronic system (OES) undressed and barefoot. While no significant differences were found for cadence, stance, swing and double support duration, the experimental setting affected speed and stride length that decreased (by 17% and 12% respectively, P<0.005) when passing from the clinical (ISS) to the laboratory (OES) setting. These results suggest that gait assessment should be always performed in the same conditions to avoid errors, which may lead ...
Patient-reported and performance-based measures of walking in mild-moderate Parkinson's disease
Brain and behavior, 2018
Knowledge of the relationships between patient-reported and performance-based walking measures in Parkinson's disease (PD) should inform clinical decision-making. The Walk-12G reliably captures perceived walking difficulties but has not been compared to performance-based walking in laboratory or free-living settings or across different groups. To investigate the relationship between patient-reported walking difficulties (Walk-12G) and performance-based walking in laboratory and free-living conditions and to determine whether the Walk-12G can distinguish between the subgroups, (i) people with/without PD and (ii) mild/moderate disease stages. Forty-seven people without and 49 people with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage II and III) were assessed in relation to patient-reported walking difficulties (Walk-12G scale); spatiotemporal gait characteristics (Pace; Rhythm; Asymmetry; Variability; and Postural control) using a laboratory-based electronic walkway; and walking behavior (mean steps/d...
Multidirectional walk test in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a validity study
International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de réadaptation, 2015
Gait parameters of forward, backward, and sideways walk were studied when the participants walked overground in four directions at their self-selected speed and were compared with walking in the four directions on an instrumented GAITRite walkway. Intraclass correlation coefficients between the overground walk test measures and the instrumented walkway measures of gait speed, cadence, and stride length for the forward walk were 0.85, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. For the backward walk, the coefficients were 0.91 for gait speed, 0.75 for cadence, and 0.93 for stride length. For the sideways walk, the coefficients were 0.92 for gait speed, 0.93 for cadence, and 0.94 for stride length. Gait parameters of forward, backward, and sideways walk obtained by the overground walk test had excellent agreement with those obtained by the instrumented walkway. The quick timed test provided quantitative data for gait evaluation and was valid for clinical use.
Gait consistency over a 7-day interval in people with parkinson's disease
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1999
Urquhart DM, Morris ME, Iansek R. Gait consistency over a l-day interval in people with Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:696-701. Objective: To evaluate the consistency of temporal and spatial parameters of the walking pattern in subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) over a 7-day interval during the "on" phase of the levodopa medication cycle.