Bacterial profiles of saliva in relation to diet, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status (original) (raw)
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Differences in bacterial saliva profile between periodontitis patients and a control cohort
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2013
Aim: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease in which subgingival bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine if periodontitis is associated with a characteristic salivary bacterial profile. This was accomplished by comparing the bacterial profile of saliva from subjects with chronic periodontitis with that of saliva from a control cohort. Materials and methods: Stimulated saliva samples from 139 chronic periodontitis patients and 447 samples from a control cohort were analysed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Frequency and levels (mean HOMIM-value) of around 300 bacterial taxa/clusters in samples were used as parameters for investigation. Differences at taxon/cluster values between groups were analysed using Mann-Whitney U-test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Principal component analysis was used to visualize bacterial community profiles obtained by the HOMIM. Results: Eight bacterial taxa, including putative periodontal pathogens as Parvimonas micra and Filifactor alocis, and four bacterial clusters were identified statistically more frequently and at higher levels in samples from periodontitis patients than in samples from the control cohort. These differences were independent of the individuals' smoking status. Conclusions: Periodontitis is associated with a characteristic bacterial profile of saliva different from that of a control cohort.
The ISME journal, 2008
To obtain deeper insights into the etiology of oral disease, an understanding of the composition of the surrounding bacterial environments that lead to health or disease is required, which is attracting increasing attention. In this study, the bacterial compositions in the saliva of 200 subjects aged 15-40 years were depicted as peak patterns by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The subjects were classified into three clusters by partitioning around medoids clustering based on their T-RFLP profiles, and the clinical oral health parameters of the clusters were compared. The clustering of the T-RFLP profiles in this study was mainly based on differences in the abundance distribution of the dominant terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) detected in most of the subjects. Predicted from the sizes of the TRFs, the characteristically more predominant members of each were Prevotella and Veillonella species in cluster I; Streptococcus species in cluster II and Neisseria, Haemophilus or Aggregatibacter species and Porphyromonas species in cluster III. The parameters associated with periodontal disease were significantly different among the clusters. Clusters I and II had a higher percentage of sites of periodontal pockets greater than 4 mm than cluster III, and cluster I contained sites exhibiting bleeding on probing more often than cluster II or III; no significant differences were observed in other parameters. These results suggest that the abundance distribution of commensal bacteria in saliva is correlated with periodontal health, and might be involved in the susceptibility of an individual to periodontal disease.
Differentiation of salivary bacterial profiles of subjects with periodontitis and dental caries
Journal of oral microbiology, 2015
Bacterial profiles of saliva in subjects with periodontitis and dental caries have been demonstrated to differ from that of oral health. The aim of this comparative analysis of existing data generated by the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) from 293 stimulated saliva samples was to compare bacterial profiles of saliva in subjects with periodontitis and dental caries.
Salivary microbial profiles in relation to age, periodontal, and systemic diseases
PloS one, 2018
Analysis of saliva is emerging as a promising tool to diagnose and monitor diseases which makes determination of the salivary microbial profile in different scenarios essential. To evaluate the effects of age, periodontal disease, sex, smoking, and medical conditions on the salivary microbial profile. A randomly selected sample of 441 individuals was enrolled (51% women; mean age 48.5±16.8). Participants answered a health questionnaire and underwent an oral examination. Stimulated saliva was collected and the counts of 41 bacteria were determined by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Elderly participants (> 64 years old) presented a significant increase in 24 out of 41 bacterial species compared to adults (≤ 64 years old). Eubacterium nodatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia were significantly higher in participants with generalized bone loss compared to without. Males and non-smokers had higher bacteria counts in saliva. Individuals having mental disorders or...
Intra-individual variations of salivary microbial levels in young adults
European journal of oral sciences
The variations of salivary levels of total viable flora, oral streptococci, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida in twenty-three subjects, over a 6-month period, trying to control many potential sources of variability, were investigated. Most subjects showed log count variations of the microbial parameters larger than 1. They were 95.6% (total flora), 91.2% (oral streptococci), 73.9% ( lactobacilli), 60.8% (Strep. mutans) and 30.3% (Candida). The intra-individual fluctuations were larger than the fluctuations of the means Stefano Petti, G. Sanarelli Hygiene Institute, of the counts between samples. This suggests that the shifts in levels of these La Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, micro-organisms were more frequent intra-individually than at a population I-00185 Rome, Italy level. Strep. mutans levels significantly explained Streptococcus-Oral (inverse Telefax: +39-64454845 correlation), Lactobacillus and Candida variability. The reported variations were due to technical and biological factors and suggest that, in order to assess Key words: salivary bacterial counts; oral streptococci; Streptococcus mutans;
Comparative analysis of bacterial profiles in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples
Journal of oral microbiology, 2016
The microbial profiles of stimulated saliva samples have been shown to differentiate between patients with periodontitis, patients with dental caries, and orally healthy individuals. Saliva was stimulated to allow for easy and rapid collection; however, microbial composition may not reflect the more natural, unstimulated state. The purpose of this study was to validate whether stimulated saliva is an adequate surrogate for unstimulated saliva in determining salivary microbiomes. Unstimulated (n=20) and stimulated (n=20) saliva samples were collected from 20 orally and systemically healthy, non-smoking participants. Salivary bacterial profiles were analyzed by means of the Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS), and statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test with Benjamini-Hochberg's correction for multiple comparison, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and correspondence analysis. From a total of 40 saliva sample...
Altered Bacterial Profiles in Saliva from Adults with Caries Lesions: A Case-Cohort Study
Caries Research, 2014
caries. Five bacterial taxa (Veillonella parvula , Veillonella atypica , Megasphaera micronuciformis , Fusobacterium periodontium and Achromobacter xylosoxidans) and one bacterial cluster (Leptotrichia sp. clones C3MKM102 and GT018 _ ot417/462) were less frequently found in the caries group (adjusted p value <0.01) while two bacterial taxa (Solobacterium moorei and Streptococcus salivarius) and three bacterial clusters (Streptococcus parasanguinis I and II and sp. clone BE024 _ot057/411/721, Streptococcus parasanguinis I and II and sinensis _ot411/721/767, Streptococcus salivarius and sp. clone FO042 _ot067/755) were present at significantly higher levels (adjusted p value <0.01). The principal component analysis displayed a marked difference in the bacterial community profiles between groups. Presence of manifest caries was associated with a reduced diversity and an altered salivary bacterial community profile. Our data support recent theories that ecological stress-induced changes of commensal microbial communities are involved in the shift from oral health to tooth decay.
Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2016
Background and objective: The composition of the salivary microbiota, as determined using various molecular methods, has been reported to differentiate oral health from diseases. Thus, the purpose of this study was to utilize the newly developed molecular technique HOMINGS (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing) for comparison of the salivary microbiota in patients with periodontitis, patients with dental caries, and orally healthy individuals. The hypothesis was that this method could add on to the existing knowledge on salivary bacterial profiles in oral health and disease. Design: Stimulated saliva samples (n030) were collected from 10 patients with untreated periodontitis, 10 patients with untreated dental caries, and 10 orally healthy individuals. Salivary microbiota was analyzed using HOMINGS and statistical analysis was performed using KruskalÁWallis test with BenjaminiÁHochberg's correction. Results: From a total of 30 saliva samples, a mean number of probe targets of 205 (range 120Á353) were identified, and a statistically significant higher mean number of targets was registered in samples from patients with periodontitis (mean 220, range 143Á306) and dental caries (mean 221, range 165Á353) as compared to orally healthy individuals (mean 174, range 120Á260) (p 00.04 and p 00.04). Nine probe targets were identified with a different relative abundance between groups (p B0.05). Conclusions: Cross-sectional comparison of salivary bacterial profiles by means of HOMINGS analysis showed that different salivary bacterial profiles were associated with oral health and disease. Future largescale prospective studies are needed to evaluate if saliva-based screening for disease-associated oral bacterial profiles may be used for identification of patients at risk of acquiring periodontitis and dental caries.
Salivary microbiota in individuals with different levels of caries experience
Journal of Oral Microbiology
This study compared salivary bacterial profiles in two groups having a 10-fold difference in levels of caries experience, as it was hypothesized that the composition of the salivary microbiota might associate with the levels of caries experience. Bacterial profiles in stimulated saliva samples from 85 individuals with low levels of caries experience (healthy group) and 79 individuals with high levels of caries experience (caries group) were analyzed by means of the Human Oral Microbiome Identification Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) technique. Subsequently, saliva samples from caries-free individuals in the healthy group (n = 57) and the caries group (n = 31) were compared. A significantly higher α-diversity (p < 0.0001) and a twofold higher relative abundance of Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Fusobacterium were recorded in saliva samples from the healthy group compared with the caries group. Differences observed were more pronounced when limiting the analyses to caries-free individuals in each group. Data from this cross-sectional analysis suggest that low levels of caries experience might associate with a characteristic salivary bacterial composition different from that in individuals with high caries experience. Consequently, longitudinal studies are required to determine if the composition of the salivary microbiota might be a predictive factor of caries risk at the individual level.
Study of inter- and intra-individual variations in the salivary microbiota
BMC Genomics, 2010
Background: Oral bacterial communities contain species that promote health and others that have been implicated in oral and/or systemic diseases. Culture-independent approaches provide the best means to assess the diversity of oral bacteria because most of them remain uncultivable.