Clinical epidemiological study of Hepatitis B and C (original) (raw)
Related papers
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infection A Review.pdf
Hepatitis B viral infection is an infectious-inflammatory disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The course of hepatitis B infection varies greatly, with the clinical manifestations differing in patient with the age, immune status and the stage at which the infection is recognised. At the acute phase, infection may produce serious illness characterized by hepatomegally, vomiting, jaundice, anorexia, fever, body arches and dark urine. H.epatitis C is an infectious disease of the liver caused by hepatitis c virus. HCV is an enveloped virus that belongs to hepacivirus genus in the flaviviridae viral family. Chronic HCV infection is typically asymptomatic during the first few decades and are mostly discovered following the investigation of an elevated liver enzymes or during routine screening in high risk individual. HBV and HCV share the same modes of transmission, thus infection with the two viruses is not uncommon especially in highly endemic areas and among subjects with high risk behaviors. Patients with dual HBV and HCV infection have more severe liver disease, and are at an increased risk for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.The paper reviewed hepatitis B and C infection.
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2016
The World Health Organization (WHO) resolution adopted in 2010 recognized viral hepatitis as a global health problem. In April 2014, for the first time, the WHO produced guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with hepatitis C infections. In May 2014, a follow-up resolution urged WHO Member States to develop and implement a national strategy for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis based on the local epidemiological context. Although blood donor screening, which began in the early 1990s, has reduced the spread of the virus in the population, the WHO estimates that 150 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are at an increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, 3-4 million people are infected each year. HCV treatment is currently evolving rapidly, and several drugs are in various stages of development. With regard to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), in March 2015, the WHO published the first guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection, which were designed to complement the recent guidelines on HCV. Although the introduction of an effective vaccine against the hepatitis B virus has reduced the prevalence and health and economic impact of hepatitis in industrialized countries, the WHO estimates that more than 2 billion people are HBV-infected and 350 million people are chronic carriers.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008
Objective: Determining the identity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in liver disease has key implications for ascertaining the duration of antiviral therapy and disease prognosis. We investigated the presence of various genotypes of HCV among 69 chronic liver diseased (CLD) patients with chronic HCV infection. Methods: Sixty-nine consecutive subjects with underlying chronic hepatitis (n = 28), cirrhosis (n = 35), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 6), diagnosed by clinical, biochemical, and histological means, were studied. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV diagnostic markers were used. HCV-RNA was extracted from sera of HCV-infected subjects and subsequently the HCV genotypes were determined using a commercial line probe assay (Inno-LiPA HCV II). Results: Of the 69 CLD cases screened for possible markers of HBV and HCV infection, 39 (57%) were positive for HBV and 30 (43%) were HCV infected. The overall HCV-RNA positivity was 77% (23/30). Of these, the majority were genotype 1b (13/23, 57%), followed by 1a (6/23, 26%), mixed genotypes 3 and 4 (3/23, 13%), and mixed pattern of 1a, 1b, and 4 (1/23, 4.3%). The genotype 1b infected subjects demonstrated significantly elevated transaminase (ALT) levels ( p < 0.05) as compared with the other non-1b HCV genotypes.
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
Hepatitis B and C co-infection may leads to cirrhosis resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma with poorer survival rate. Pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment is considered as gold standard. Despite of adequate treatment, some patients remained nonresponders. Due to this reason, this study was designed to compare different parameters of liver function tests along with HBV-HCV genotyping in non-responders of HBV-HCV co-infection with normal controls. Study population was divided in two groups. Group A (patient group) includes 30 HBV-HCV co-infected patients and Group B (control group).includes 30 normal individuals. Blood samples of both groups were collected. Samples were analyzed for HBV and HCV genotyping using automated kits of Abbott laboratories and Liver Functions testing (ALT, ALP, Bilirubin, Albumin) using ROCHE COBAS-501 automated system. Statistical analysis using chi-square test for ordinal data and t-test for numerical data was used using p value.