Could Physical Activity Have any Role in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Prisoners? A Systematic Review (original) (raw)
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The Journal of cardiovascular nursing, 2017
Prisoners are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. However, primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in correctional settings has been widely neglected, and there is little information on interventions to improve the cardiovascular health of prisoners while incarcerated. The aim of this study was to systematically review published literature to identify interventions to improve the health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. Selected databases were searched using terms related to prisoners and cardiovascular disease. Studies were included if they had prisoners as participants and measured outcomes of cardiovascular health. Narrative synthesis was used to organize the evidence from the studies. Twelve articles detailing 11 studies were identified. Most of the studies involved only men. Interventions were classified into 4 types: structured physical activity, nutrition, mixed with physical activ...
Cardiovascular Disease in Incarcerated Populations
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2017
Currently, 2.2 million individuals are incarcerated, and more than 11 million have been released from U.S. correctional facilities. Individuals with a history of incarceration are more likely to be of racial and ethnic minority populations, poor, and have higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors, especially smoking and hypertension. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death among incarcerated individuals, and those recently released have a higher risk of being hospitalized and dying of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population, even after accounting for differences in racial identity and socioeconomic status. In this review, the authors: 1) present information on the cardiovascular health of justice-involved populations, and unique prevention and care conditions in correctional facilities; 2) identify knowledge gaps; and 3) propose promising areas for research to improve the cardiovascular health of this population. An Executive Summary of a National He...
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women Prisoners: The Stay Fit and Healthy Intervention
This paper introduces a health promotion intervention originally designed as a control attention arm for the HOPE Project, an HIV prevention intervention clinical trial. This study will evaluate the efficacy of the Stay Fit and Healthy Intervention on decreasing cardiovascular risk. Methods: The Stay Fit and Healthy intervention was a nine session program which incorporated educational and behavioral strategies to increase healthy behaviors and decrease cardiovascular disease risk. Session topics included nutrition, increased physical activity, and blood pressure reduction through smoking cessation and relaxation techniques. Aims: The purpose of this secondary data analysis is to compare the changes in cardiovascular-related healthy behaviors of the women who received Stay Fit intervention with the women who received the primary intervention designed to reduce HIV risk behaviors. Results: Healthy behaviors in this sample were significantly related to higher social support scores at ...
2017
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important health concern in prison populations as they have an increased risk of the disease compared to the general population. However, there is a lack of interventions to reduce prisoners' cardiovascular risk, and little is known about the knowledge and risk perceptions of the disease in prison. This study aims to explore the knowledge and risk perceptions of CVD from the perspectives of prisoners and staff to guide the development of a cardiovascular risk reduction intervention for prisoners. Methods: This was a qualitative, exploratory study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 prisoners and 11 staff, who were purposively recruited from a private prison in Scotland. Framework analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings: The prisoners and staff had limited, non-expert knowledge of CVD. Common behavioural risk factors and cardiovascular events were identified, but gaps in knowledge were evidenced. There were similarities and differences in perceptions of prisoners' risk of the disease; risk was primarily assessed by judgements about the prisoners' current health status rather than their risk factor status. Prisoners' risk of CVD was attributed to negative health behaviours such as smoking and physical inactivity, and these were influenced by multiple factors that interacted across three levels of influence. Individual factors included selfefficacy and mental health problems, social factors included the prison culture and social interactions, and institutional factors included the prison regime and healthcare barriers. An ecological framework was designed to guide a cardiovascular risk reduction intervention that focuses on the multi-level influences of prisoners' cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: Prisoners have limited knowledge and misconceptions of CVD, and engage in several risky behaviours. There are multi-level influences on prisoners' CVD risk and cardiovascular health. An ecological approach is recommended to address these influences to reduce the prisoners' risk of CVD.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Older Prisoners in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal, 2018
Prisons are environments that have been characterised by high rates of communicable diseases until recently when the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases have been assessed, and high prevalence found. This study, involving 160 inmates assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among prisoners in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure of all participants were checked. Additionally, lifestyle and dietary factors such as exercise and fruit intake as well as medical history of inmates were assessed. Fasting blood samples were taken and analysed for lipid profile and FBG. The mean systolic blood pressure of study participants was 141.1±23.2 mmHg, diastolic 88.9±15 mmHg, BMI 22.8±4.1 kg/m 2 , waist circumference 81±10.3 cm, FBG 4.3±0.9 mmol/L, HDL 1.4±0.4 mmol/L and triglycerides 1.1±0.6 mmol/L. Prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia was 57.5% each. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 8.1%, and 21.9% had two cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion prevalence of dyslipidaemia and elevated blood pressure were high among inmates and cardiovascular risk factors were higher among female Original Research Article
Benefits of Selected Physical Exercise Programs in Detention: A Randomized Controlled Study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013
The aim of the study was to determine which kind of physical activity could be useful to inmate populations to improve their health status and fitness levels. A repeated measure design was used to evaluate the effects of two different training protocols on subjects in a state of detention, tested pre-and post-experimental protocol.Seventy-five male subjects were enrolled in the studyand randomly allocated to three groups: the cardiovascular plus resistance training protocol group (CRT) (n = 25; mean age 30.9 ± 8.9 years),the high-intensity strength training protocol group (HIST) (n = 25; mean age 33.9 ± 6.8 years), and a control group (C) (n = 25; mean age 32.9 ± 8.9 years) receiving no treatment. All subjects underwent a clinical assessmentandfitness tests. MANOVA revealed significant multivariate effects on group (p < 0.01) and group-training interaction (p < 0.05). CRT protocol resulted the most effective protocol to reach the best outcome in fitness tests. Both CRT and HIST protocols produced significant gains in the functional capacity (cardio-respiratory capacity and cardiovascular disease risk decrease) of incarcerated males. The significant gains obtained in functional capacity reflect the great
Cardiorespiratory fitness of inmates of a maximum security prison in Nigeria
African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016
Prisoners are a special population group who have limited freedom and are subjected to restrictions. They may not be able to enjoy health enhancing leisure and recreational activities or exercise of their choice or at a time they desire. The aim of this study is to determine the level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of inmates in Maiduguri Maximum Security Prison; and also to determine the effects of age, gender, and period of incarceration on CRF. A total of 247 apparently healthy inmates of Maiduguri Maximum Security Prison participated in the 2 study. The subjects performed a one-mile walk test from which their VO max was derived using a nomogram. The results show that the prison inmates appear to have a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness. The male inmates were found to have higher cardiorespiratory fitness than their female counterparts, but no significant relationship was found between CRF and period of incarceration, or between CRF and the age of the inmates. The cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of the prison inmates in Maiduguri Maximum Security Prison is good. Further investigation of the influence of other potential variables of physical activity such as vocational facilities and sporting opportunities on the CRF of prison inmates in Maiduguri Maximum Security Prison is necessary.
Contemporary clinical trials, 2016
Female inmate populations in the United States tend to be overweight, physically inactive, experience high stress, and have a history of nicotine and other drug dependence. Thus, they bear elevated risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease than the general population. However, few evidence-based health interventions exist for this population. This study will test proof of concept, feasibility, and potential efficacy of a multiple health behavior change intervention that integrates CV-health promotion education delivered during a physical activity (PA) program (indoor cycling) tailored to this population. This study uses a quasi-experimental 2-group design with two measurement time-points: baseline and 8-week end of treatment. N=120 incarcerated women (18-59years of age) who are medically cleared for participation in PA will be enrolled. Indoor cycling instructors will be trained to deliver five health education topics over an 8-week period during twice-weekly cycling classes. Topics match...