Series of personal pronouns in Guro (original) (raw)
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In: Nina Sumbatova, Ivan Kapitonov, Maria Khachaturyan, Sofia Oskolskaya, Samira Verhees (eds.). Songs and trees: Papers in memory of Sasha Vydrina. Saint-Petersburg: Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 227-284, 2023
The study discusses the homonymy and polysemy of lē in Guro (South Mande). Lē has the grammatical functions of the identificational copula, the quotative predicator, the conjunction (clause linking marker) introducing reported speech and some non-speech optative/purpose clauses, a focus marker, and a marker used in relative and possessive constructions. I analyse these functions in detail and highlight the transitory cases. I also discuss the functional correlates of different Guro lē in cognate South Mande languages and consider potential historical relations between the types of lē. I conclude that the possessive marker is the most distinct type of lē, most likely historically unrelated to other types (LĒ2). The remaining types (LĒ1) might ultimately have common origins, although there is some distinction between the quotative-conjunction lē sub-cluster and the identifierfocus-relativiser lē sub-cluster. The types within the first sub-cluster are linked through a quotative function. The types within the second cluster are related through the structure of cleft sentences. The two clusters might be ultimately related through the predicative function of lē as the identificational copula.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE DIALECT OF
JWAL, 2019
Previous studies on pronouns have not been able to describe the structural hierarchical composition of the features that inform their syntactic distribution. This paper, therefore, provided an account of such composition in the personal pronoun of , a southeastern dialect, with a view to describing how the lexicon employs these feature complexes in matching each form of the pronoun with its functions in syntax. Within the Harley's Feature Geometry Framework, dat analysed to reveal the syntactic and morphological functions of the personal pronouns in the dialect. The paper identifies four main features in the pronoun: person, number, case and saliency. These features were further analysed to be specified as follows: person as [±participant, ±speaker]; number as [±count, ±singular]; case as [±nominative, ±accusative]; and saliency as [±definiteness, ±logophoric].The paper established that the dependent and independent personal pronouns are distinct sub groups of the pronoun in the lexicon having their syntactic distributions driven by different saliency feature specifications.
The The Syntax of Personal Pronouns in the Bima Language
International Linguistics Research
This article aims at describing the syntactic properties and distributions of Personal Pronouns in the Bima Language, a language spoken by approximately 9000 people who inhabit the eastern part of Sumbawa Island. This number of speakers does not include those who live in Reo Pota Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. The Bima Language is grouped into Sumba-Bima Subgroup of Central Malayo-Polynesian (CMP) branch of Austronesian Language. Data in this study are the linguistic units from morphems level to clausal level. The data were taken from conversations and monologues recorded in the real situations in which the Bima Language is used. The focus of this paper is to describe the personal pronoun system of the Bima Language, describing types of personal pronouns and their syntactic properties and distributions. Based on the analysis, the Bima Language has a set of morphologically independent personal pronouns (full pronouns) and a set of clitics. Both sets of personal pronouns show the same...
The Syntax of Personal Pronouns in the Bima Language
International Linguistics Research, 2020
This article aims at describing the syntactic properties and distributions of Personal Pronouns in the Bima Language, a language spoken by approximately 9000 people who inhabit the eastern part of Sumbawa Island. This number of speakers does not include those who live in Reo Pota Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. The Bima Language is grouped into Sumba-Bima Subgroup of Central Malayo-Polynesian (CMP) branch of Austronesian Language. Data in this study are the linguistic units from morphems level to clausal level. The data were taken from conversations and monologues recorded in the real situations in which the Bima Language is used. The focus of this paper is to describe the personal pronoun system of the Bima Language, describing types of personal pronouns and their syntactic properties and distributions. Based on the analysis, the Bima Language has a set of morphologically independent personal pronouns (full pronouns) and a set of clitics. Both sets of personal pronouns show the same syntactic properties and distributions. These two sets of personal pronouns are able to occur as independent clausal arguments of both intransitive and transitive constructions. In addition to their distributions, these two sets of personal pronouns can occur with numerals, relatives, and NPs. However, only full personal pronouns can combine with demonstratives.
Contrastive Study of Personal Pronouns in English and Spanish
2020
This study was conducted to describe simmilarities and dissimilarities of the uses of personal pronouns in English and Spanish. A contrastive and descriptive research were carried out to find and to analyze the data. The study findings show that there are some simmilarities of the uses of personal pronouns in English and Spanish. Both English and Spanish have the same function as nominative, occupying the subject, and as accusative occupying the function of the object. The dissimilarities are on the fact that on Spanish, most pronouns have a gender, namely ; masculine and feminime and Spanish has pronouns in addressing anyone whom we respect, someone that older than us, someone whom we meet for the first time the second person singular and plural in the formal form. Proonoun in different position in spanish has the same form, Spanish does not have the specific forms for neuter gender
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH AND MADURA LANGUAGE
University of Islam Malang, 2018
The purposes of this research are to compare the pronoun in English and Madurese language. The method of this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The participants in this research are from 4 different Kabupaten in Madurese Island which has a good education and have been living for more than 10 years. The researcher collects the data from interviewing the participant to get the data and also the researcher took the data from a book with already ISBN to get the data for English pronoun. for analyzing the data the researcher took five steps, namely: 1) understanding the data, 2) looking at how all informants responded to each question, 3) organizing the data into categories, 4) identifying patterns and connections within and between categories, and 5) interpreting the data. This study finds that there are many difference and similarity between Madurese language and Indonesia language.
A Contrastive Analysis of English and Bisayan Languages: Cases of Pronouns in Focus
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies
The Bisayan language, a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, has a sound system that is representative of the Malayo-Polynesian languages. It is used as a means of communication in the provinces of Cebu, Negros Oriental, Bohol, Southern Leyte, Southern Masbate, and almost anywhere in Mindanao. Bisayan speakers constitute the second-largest ethno-linguistic group in the world. With the implementation of MTB-MLE, studying the similarities between English, the universal language, and Bisaya is considered significant. The objective of this contrastive study is to provide an overview of the patterns of personal pronouns in Bisaya in comparison to English. Specifically, the study focuses on the usage of pronouns in both English and Bisaya languages. Pronouns serve as replacements for a noun, noun phrase, or clause in a sentence. To achieve the goal of this study, children's stories written in Bisaya and translated into English were utilized as the study corpus. One notable finding ...
A Study on the Behavior of Cebuano Pronouns in Discourse
Concentric： Studies in Linguistics, 2013
Sometimes reference grammars are limited in space and time and thus cannot always describe some given aspects of a language very accurately. Linguistics studies certainly help to fill this gap. Using narrative and conversational data, this paper attempts to accomplish this and aims to contribute to Cebuano linguistics and the study of pronouns by looking at two phenomena involving pronominal expressions in Cebuano discourse. First, I will show that two third-person pronouns never co-occur in the same clause. In transitive clauses with two human participants, only one will be referred to using a pronominal form; the other one will either be in zero form, if more topical, or in lexical form, if less topical. Second, I will investigate the factors that lead to a choice between the genitive form and the possessive form in expressing the Actor participant in a transitive event clause, identified as definiteness, verb type, and structure of the verb complex. The use of a possessive form w...