Model Simulating the Heat Transfer of Skin (original) (raw)
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Mathematical Modeling of Skin Bioheat Transfer
Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2009
Advances in laser, microwave, and similar technologies have led to recent developments of thermal treatments for disease and injury involving skin tissue. In spite of the widespread use of heating therapies in dermatology, they do not draw upon the detailed understanding of the biothermomechanics of behavior, for none exists to date, even though each behavioral facet is well established and understood. It is proposed that a detailed understanding of the coupled biological-mechanical response under thermal agitation will contribute to the design, characterization, and optimization of strategies for delivering better treatment. For a comprehensive understanding on the underlying mechanisms of thermomechanical behavior of skin tissue, recent progress on bioheat transfer, thermal damage, thermomechanics, and thermal pain should be systematically reviewed. This article focuses on the transfer of heat through skin tissue. Experimental study, theoretical analysis, and numerical modeling of skin thermal behavior are reviewed, with theoretical analysis carried out and closed-form solutions obtained for simple one-layer Fourier theory based model. Non-Fourier bioheat transfer models for skin tissue are discussed, and various skin cooling technologies summarized. Finally, the predictive capacity of various heat transfer models is demonstrated with selected case studies.
A Generic Thermal Model for Perfused Tissues
2018
Many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures require a thermal model for perfused tissues for determining in vivo temperatures in order to better plan and implement those procedures (e.g., heating during MRI, burn management, etc.). However, it is extremely challenging to determine in vivo temperatures by solving the ‘exact’ thermal model, derived from first principles, and called the convective energy equation (CEE) [1]. This is so because it requires at least 20 linear computational nodes across the diameter of a blood vessel to obtain a numerically converged temperature solution of the CEE [2]. Blood vessel diameters range from ∼3 cm in large vessels (e.g., aorta, vena cava) to ∼3 μm in capillaries inside a human body. Thus, it requires a stupendous amount of computational power (∼3(1011) nodes for every 1 mm3 assuming a uniform mesh resolution of 0.15 μm) to solve for the temperatures in perfused tissues if the CEE is used alone. This is in addition to the daunting challenge of kn...
Numerical Modeling for Heat Conduction in Human Tissue by Means of Thermography
2004
The paper presents the results of simulation of the heat transport in the human tissue by means of 1D numerical model and experimentally obtained data. The model is based on the control volume numerical method with the skin temperature and heat losses to the surrounding as the boundary conditions. The thermodynamical properties of the tissue were taken from the relevant literature. The results obtained by simulation are compared with the data given in lit. [1]. The temperature droop in upper arm tissue of the observed subject is presented graphically, while the temperature distribution on the upper arm surface is given by thermograms.
Verification of 1D numerical model for heat conduction in human tissue by means of thermography
The paper presents the results of simulation of the heat transport in the human tissue by means of 1D numerical model and experimentally obtained data. The model is based on the control volume numerical method with the skin temperature and heat losses to the surrounding as the boundary conditions. The thermodynamical properties of the tissue were taken from the relevant literature. The results obtained by simulation are compared with the data given in lit. (1). The temperature droop in upper arm tissue of the observed subject is presented graphically, while the temperature distribution on the upper arm surface is given by thermograms. 1. Introduction The thermal comfort of human being is defined with many parameters such as: air temperature and humidity, air velocity and quality, temperatures of the surrounding objects and physical activity. The reaction of the human body to particular situation can be divided in two categories, active and passive. Conscious active reactions are dre...
A Generic Bioheat Transfer Thermal Model for a Perfused Tissue
A thermal model was needed to predict temperatures in a perfused tissue, which satisfied the following three criteria. One, the model satisfied conservation of energy. Two, the heat transfer rate from blood vessels to tissue was modeled without following a vessel path. Three, the model applied to any unheated and heated tissue. To meet these criteria, a generic bioheat transfer model (BHTM) was derived here by conserving thermal energy in a heated vascularized finite tissue and by making a few simplifying assumptions. Two linear coupled differential equations were obtained with the following two variables: tissue volume averaged temperature and blood volume averaged temperature. The generic model was compared with the widely employed empirical Pennes' BHTM. The comparison showed that the Pennes' perfusion term wC p ͑1 Ϫ ͒ should be interpreted as a local vasculature dependent heat transfer coefficient term. Suggestions are presented for further adaptations of the general BHTM for specific tissues using imaging techniques and numerical simulations.
Accuracy of geometrical modelling of heat transfer from tissue to blood vessels
Physics in Medicine and Biology, 1997
We have developed a thermal model in which blood vessels are described as geometrical objects, 3D curves with associated diameters. Here the behaviour of the model is examined for low resolutions compared with the vessel diameter and for strongly curved vessels. The tests include a single straight vessel and vessels describing the path of a helix embedded in square tissue blocks. The tests show the excellent behaviour of our discrete vessel implementation.
The problem of an estimation of thermal defeats at influence of affected factors of fire has great value for various areas of technics, industry and medicine. Results of mathematical simulation of heat transfer in layered structure of human skin influenced by the radiant thermal flux of the set value are presented in the work. The three-layer system of skin is considered. Research according to the various boundary conditions exposed in human tissue is carried out. Temperature distribution on thickness of skin is presented.