Geotechnical Study Of The Properties Of Rocks In Nassarawa – Eggon Town And Environs, Nasarawa State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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The microstructure, mineralogical composition and analysis of the chemical constituent of rock samples were evaluated as part of the research on the quality and suitability of rocks in Kajuru, Kaduna State, Nigeria as sources of aggregate for construction. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) in Global mapper software was used to visualize three-dimensional perspectives (3D) of the study area and quantities of major oxides present in Rock samples were determined using x-ray florescence machine called X-supreme 8000. The microstructural characteristics of rocks such as mineralogy, structure, textural and distributions of minerals in the matrix were studied using a petrographic microscope. The rock predominantly consists of porphyritic granites and gneisses with minor quartz vein and quartzofeldspathic pegmatite intrusions. The high silica contents are confirmed from microscopic studies that elucidated the prevalent mineral species to be a felsic component - quartz and feldspar with interlocking grain boundary. The studies revealed mica, microcrack and fracture in some of the rock type which will invariably affect their engineering performance. It is therefore recommended that physicomechanical evaluation is carried out on the rock aggregates to establish the strength of aggregate and the link between physicomechanical properties and geological characteristics of the rock. Keywords: Basement rocks; microstructure; mineralogical composition; petrography
Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 2021
Geotechnical tests were performed on granite and granite-gneiss rock samples of parts of Minna to know their suitability as construction aggregates. Eight rock samples were selected for porosity test, impact value, specific gravity and absorption capacity. The average porosity of the samples is 0.21, 0.12, 0.30, 0.10, 0.25, 0.25, 0.24 and 0.11 respectively for L1, L14, L15, L19, L21, L23, L25 and L29 which shows they are normal except L15 with a high porosity. Average impact value of the samples show they are suitable for wearing surface course in road and bridge construction, except samples L14 and L19 with average impact value of 32.8 and 34.9 respectively making them suitable only as bituminous macadam (maximum value = 35%). Sample L1 is not suitable as construction aggregates because it exceeds the maximum value specified for that purpose. The average specific gravity of the rocks are L1=2.68, L14=2.65, L15=2.65, L19=2.67, L21= 2.63, L23= 2.71, L25=2.65, and L29=2.69 respectivel...
Abstract: This study evaluates the physical, mechanical and in-situ properties of the rock aggregates in Kajuru, Kaduna State, Nigeria as sources of aggregate for construction purpose. The uniaxial compressive strength was determined by using Universal Testing Machine to crush cored samples and Schmidt rebound number by Schmidt hammer apparatus. While the engineering destructive tests were carried out on aggregates using various apparatus. Na2SO4 solution was used for soundness test and glass jar for determination of specific gravity. The results indicate that specific gravity ranges from 2.48 to 2.88, the moisture content of samples are within 2%. The UCS ranges from 95.76Mpa to 169.70Mpa while the Schmidt rebound number ranges from 29.4 to 35.3. Comparing the Los Angeles abrasion, impact and the crushing value obtained from the laboratory destructive test with the B.S standards, most of the rock can be used for construction works. The results also indicate that there is a directly proportional relationship between compressive strength with Schmidt rebound number and specific gravity. An inverse relationship exists between moisture content with specific gravity and compressive strength. The physical and geotechnical properties were found to be dependent on the chemical and petrographic characteristics of the rock. Keywords: Basement rocks; compressive strength; destructive test; Moisture content; Specific gravity
The geotechnical properties of Daki Biyu district in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria was investigated to ascertain the suitability of the sub-surface soil to support massive infrastructure such as high rise building and industries that might be carried out in the future. The particle size distribution shows that the soil is predominantly sandy-clay to sandy-gravels. The plasticity indices suggest low to medium compressibility while the coefficient of volume change (Mv) and the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) are generally low for most of the pressure ranges. The average allowable bearing capacity values of 150 kN/m 2-240 kN/m 2 and an average of 460 kN/m 2-700 kN/m 2 for the ultimate bearing capacity agrees with the national building code (1983) for safe bearing capacity for cohesionless soils. The sub-surface soils were found to possess good geotechnical properties that are capable of supporting infrastructural development.
International Journal of Engineering Science
Before construction activities could begin at any site, engineering geological and geotechnical investigations has to be approved in order to determine the safe bearing capacity of the soil materials and recommend suitable foundation for the structure. In this study, geotechnical investigation for the design and construction of civil infrastructures in parts of Port Harcourt city of Rivers State, Nigeria has been carried out. Fourteen samples of sand and clay from different locations within the Afam Clay Member and Benin Formation were assessed. The Atterberg limit results of the clay samples revealed that the materials are of relatively medium to high compressibility, with the liquid limit (LL) ranging from 28% to 71%, plastic limit (PL) ranging from 10% to 21%, while the plasticity index (PI) ranges from 15 to 54, indicative of medium to low compressive strength. The natural moisture content, with a mean value of 38% was also significantly high, while the unit weight ranged from 15.6KN/m 3 to 18.7KN/m 3 , and specific gravity (SG) values range from 2.27 to 2.72. The sand samples had coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and coefficient of curvature (Cc) values ranging from 2.52 to 5.2 and 0.99 to 1.8 respectively, indicating that the sands are poorly graded and are classified as SP. The insitu standard penetration test (SPT) on the sand samples has N-values ranging from 20 to 28, showing that the sands are medium dense. The clay samples underlying the study area is likely to have medium to low shear strength as suggested by the values of the strength parameters (mean value of angle of internal friction is 6 0 and cohesion is 46Kpa), obtained from the triaxial test. The geotechnical behavior of the materials within the study area shows that the cohesive materials failed some relevant material specifications for most civil infrastructures, having ultimate and safe bearing capacity averaging 410.48KN/m 2 and 136.83KN/m 3 respectively. Thus, they should be avoided as foundation (load bearing) materials during civil constructions, while the cohesion less soil though, of medium dense and poorly graded will serve as better load bearing materials.
World Journal of Innovative Research (WJIR), 2019
Dated back since the history of civilization, Construction Engineers has solely depended on geological aggregate materials as one of the unavoidably important materials in construction technology. At the study area, there are many aggregate quarrying industries with different geological materials, being patronized by government, construction companies and individuals at this time of infrastructure development. Therefore, the need to know the durability strength of these various rock materials, since their lithology varies. This is important because, the suitability of aggregates for construction actually relies on its testing against national and international standards. Some of these rocks assessed belong to and are found in Asu River Group sediment and Amasiri Sandstone. The rock materials evaluated were from Pyroclastic rocks (Ezza-Agu Hill), Baked-Shale (Umuohara), Limestone (Ngbo), Limestone (Amasiri) and Granodiorite (Ishiagu). The Ngbo Limestone, Amasiri Limestone, Umuohara Baked-Shale, Ezza-Agu Pyroclastic rock and Ishiagu Granodiorite aggregates gave the following values: Aggregate crushing value (ACV) of 8%, 8.7%, 10%, 12%, and 14.2%. Flakiness Index (FI) values of 12.5%, 13.5%, 15%, 21%, and 19.6%. Aggregate Specific Gravity value of 2.6, 2.61, 2.63, 2.64 and 2.81. Water Absorption Value of 1.54%, 1.56%, 1.57%, 2.25% and 0.32%and Aggregate Abrasion Value (AAV) of 24%, 24.4%, 25%, 23% and 15% respectively. This result indicates that granodiorite aggregate gave the best value and should be used more preferably than the others especially in road construction. In addition, Pyroclastic rock aggregates is good while others are fairly within the required range and can be used for building construction and not road.
2020
The research work studies the effect of physical and mineralogical characteristics of some rock types on theirmechanical properties. Samples of rock were collected from six locations, Egbejila and Odore (Kwara State),Ijare and Itaogbolu (Ondo State), Iyin and Awo road, (Ekiti State), in Nigeria. The physical properties (hardness,density and specific gravity), mineralogical properties (X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and mechanical properties(Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS); Point Load Strength and Brittleness) were determined in the laboratoryusing the required international standard and the equipment used are Impact Testing Machine, CompressionTesting machine, Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) machine, Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) machine, GlobalPositioning System (GPS), Cut-off Saw Machine, and Petrographic Microscope. From the results of theinvestigation, it was observed that the concentration of quartz and other minerals as indicated by the X-RayDiffraction (XRD) have influence on the ...
The physical and engineering properties of some basement rocks from parts of Oban Massif, Southeastern Nigeria were investigated to ascertain their suitability for civil engineering construction purposes. A total of 19 representative rock samples comprising of granites and granodiorites, were obtained from three quarries in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, southeastern part of Nigeria. The rock samples were crushed into aggregates and their physical and mechanical properties were assessed. The results obtained showed that the specific gravity ranged from 2.60-2.72, water absorption 0.30-0.96%, aggregate impact value 12-30%, aggregate crushing value, 12-33%, flakiness and elongation Indices both ranged from 14-29%, the uniaxial compressive strength fell between 190 and 209NM/m, 2 and the Los Angeles abrasion gave 14-41%. Petrographic studies suggested the rocks are granites and granodiorites. Results obtained from the research were compared with known engineering specifications. Such comparisons showed empirical relationships between the physical and the mechanical characteristics of the materials tested. These empirical relationships can, thus, be employed to save cost in future site investigations. Petrographic studies and engineering properties indicate that aggregates derived from the fresh basement rocks in the study areas are capable of withstanding heavy traffic, foundation loads and are generally suitable for most civil engineering construction purposes. It is also expected that the interpretation and ranking of the test results will provide a suitable guide to prospective clients of quarry operators as they can now have some scientific basis for selecting materials needed for different construction works. To achieve this, quarry operators must test and advertise/publicize the properties of their products for public consumption.
Geosynthetics and Geotechnical Properties of Soil in a Developing World: A Lesson For Nigeria
This research stresses the need for Nigerian Geotechnical Engineers to make use of geosynthetics as it is used in other parts of Asia, Europe and North America. Geosynthetics have become well established constriction materials for geotechnical and environmental applications in most parts of the world. Because they are made up of manufactured materials, new products and applications are developed on a routine basis to provide solutions to routine and critical problems alike. In the southeastern part of Nigeria for example (i.e., Uturu, Umuahia, Nsulu-Isiala Ngwa North in Abia State and Okigwe, Orlu and Okpuala in Imo State) where erosion and slope failures are rampaging the land mass, the employment of geosynthetic materials will totally help the country and specifically the zone in question. Also in the western part of Nigeria (e.g., Lagos) that has recorded the highest number of structural failures over the years is not left out. Geosynthetics is the answer to these failures. This work focuses on Nigeria because we are backwards in the engineering advancement thus "geosynthetics".
2012
In this work, the propert ies of some basement rocks in Bansara area in the Nigerian sector of the Bamenda massif wh ich determine their suitability for the p roduction of aggregate for construction works were assessed to evaluate their performance as pavement materials. The rock materials evaluated were from Biotite-Granite, Gran ite-Gneiss, Schist and Greenstone rocks. The Biotite-Gran ite gave Aggregate Abrasion Value (AAV) of 22.0%, Aggregate Crushing Value (A CV) of 23.3%, Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) of 18.5% and water absorption of 0.54% while Granite-Gneiss has 27.0%, 26.1%, 22.8% and 0.73% and the Greenstone has 45.2%, 55.9%, 49.6% and 3.90% respectively. Although the Biotite-Granite and Granite-Gneiss possess the necessary criteria for use as construction aggregates, the Biotite- Gran ite is of better quality because of its exceptionally high strength value and low water absorption. The high resistance of Biotite-Granite and its low water absorption could be attributed to ...