Entering Rocinha: A Gis Approach for the Improvement of Solid Waste Management in a Slum in Rio De Janeiro (Brazil) (original) (raw)
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Rapid urbanisation has inevitably increased pressure on urban infrastructure and services, much of which have not sustainably been provided to muddle through with rapid urban growth; thus, resulting to poor urban service delivery including uncollected solid waste in most urban locations in developing countries. The city of Dar es Salaam including its three municipalities has no exception. On one hand, solid waste has high ability of threatening and degrading environmental resources e.g. polluting air through noxious smell, polluting surface and underground water through seepage of deposited and decomposed wastes if not properly managed and above all deterring investments in settlements. On the other hand, waste collection and disposal are very challenging elements in waste management. These issues are also critical in Dar es Salaam, due to increased waste generation and low collection capacity of the actors involved. In the year 2005, about eighty per cent of the solid waste generated in Dar es Salaam was uncollected. Although the situation had improved a bit by 2007, solid waste management is still a problem in Dar es Salaam due to many factors that include: lack of information on the extent of solid waste generated, inadequate data on the number of households generating the waste, poor cost recovery due to non-payment of refuse collection fees and poor collection system within settlements. Geo Information System (GIS) is a tool that can provide spatial and non spatial information for urban planning and management. It can also link this data for various uses. Therefore, this paper examines and brings knowledge on how GIS can assist in increasing information and efficiency of solid waste collection system in an urban settlement in a developing country such as Tanzania. Sinza neighbourhood in Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam City is taken as a case for knowledge sharing.
The challenge of solid waste collection in precarious settlements in São Paulo, Brazil
This article aims to analyze the problems and possible solutions to the implementation of a basic sanitation infrastructure, especially the solid waste collection in poor class occupations in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The manner in which the urban accesses are structured in the Favela of Heliopolis, with dimensions and configuration insufficient, do not allow access to motorized vehicles, leading to unconventional solutions in legally urbanized areas of the city. The collection of the waste is adapted to existing conditions. Local workers collect waste door to door and transfer the material to a large container accessible to trucks. The method used for this study considers the literature survey, obtaining primary data from the Municipality of São Paulo and field surveys. The results provide technical and practical information that will help other needy communities with the processes of implementation of a solid waste management plan, covering the activities of collecting recyclables, organic waste, sorting and proper disposal of materials for reusing, recycling, composting and recovering energy. The recommendation of this study is that only the refuse should be destined to final disposal of landfills.
Municipal Solid Waste Management from the Experience of São Leopoldo/Brazil and Zurich/Switzerland
Sustainability, 2018
The challenge of developing country governments in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is complex, often ineffective, and does not meet the required technical sustainability, which involves environmental, social, and financial aspects. The purpose of this research is to analyze two distinct waste management systems, in São Leopoldo (Brazil) and in Zurich (Switzerland), to develop a tool called “waste stream mapping” and also to compare the cities systems. The results show positively that the two municipalities have selective waste collection, however in São Leopoldo it was found that less volume was reinserted in the production chain, which considerably increases the volume of waste sent to sanitary landfill, which is the main method of disposal in Brazil. On the other hand, the Zurich management model is more expensive, especially compared to incineration, but its billing and power trading system ends up involving more of the population and paying for the operations, as Zurich ...
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2009
The optimization of municipal waste collection can reduce management costs and negative impacts on the environment. This article analyzes municipal waste collection in Churriana de la Vega (Granada, Spain), and describes a way to improve waste collection service, based on the information provided by Geographic Information Systems. The results of our study showed that the town had an excessive number of containers for organic matter and rest-waste fraction. This made waste collection less efficient and raised costs related to the purchase of containers, collection time, personnel costs, collection route length, and vehicle maintenance. In the case of recyclable fraction collection, our results showed that waste collection could be improved by increasing the number of containers and optimizing their location. The solutions proposed could improve the percentage of selective waste collection and raise environmental awareness although this action should be accompanied by public awareness campaigns.
GIS-based planning system for managing the flow of construction and demolition waste in Brazil
Waste Management & Research, 2018
The objective of this article was to plan a network for municipal management of construction and demolition waste in Brazil with the assistance of a geographic information system, using the city of Recife as a case study. The methodology was carried out in three stages. The first was to map the illegal construction and demolition of waste disposal points across Recife and classify the waste according to its recyclability. In sequence, a method for indicating suitable areas for installation of voluntary delivery points, for small waste generators, are presented. Finally, a method for indicating suitable areas for the installation of transshipment and waste sorting areas, developed for large generators, is presented. The results show that a geographic information system is an essential tool in the planning of municipal construction and demolition waste management, in order to facilitate the spatial analysis and control the generation, sorting, collection, transportation, and final destination of construction and demolition waste, increasing the rate of recovery and recycling of materials.
2009
Waste collection and transpor t (WC&T) constitutes a large fraction of the total municipal solid waste (MSW) management costs worldwide. In Greece currently this may account for 70-100% of the total MSW costs, most of it being spent on salaries and fuel. It is therefore crucial to improve the WC&T system through routing optimisation. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology provides an advanced modelling framework for decision makers in order to analyse and simulate various spatial waste management problems, including waste collection. In this study a methodology for the optimisation of the waste collection and transport system, based on GIS, was developed. A model in ArcGIS Network Analyst was developed in order to improve the efficiency of WC&T in the Municipality of Nikea (MoN), Athens, Greece via the reallocation of waste collection bins and the optimisation of vehicle routing in terms of distance and time travelled. Two scenarios were compared with the current empirical c...
2021
The collection and the transportation of waste are considered ones of the main tasks that the municipality undertakes and this task requires a lot of expenses, that's why this mission has to be managed well. Unfortunately, such as the case with Taroudant city. In this context, this study was carried out in order to suggest better strategies of collecting waste with the possibility of reducing the cost if an effective management plan is followed. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is the tool applied in this study, this provides an advanced and enhanced modeling framework for decision makers, it allows the analysis and the stimulation of various aspects of waste management. The objective is to achieve better optimization of the distance traveled and to reduce the time for collection circuits such as household or similar waste. However, the main goal is to improve the efficiency of waste collection and transportation, while at the same time increasing the efficiency of waste ...
Journal of Engineering, 2016
Expenditure for waste collection and transport in Tunisia constitutes 75–100% of the total solid waste management budget. In this study, optimized scenarios were developed using ArcGIS Network Analyst tool in order to improve the efficiency of waste collection and transportation in the district Cité El Habib of Sfax city, Tunisia. Geographic Information System (GIS) was created based on data collection and GPS tracking (collection route/bins position). The actual state (Scenario S0) was evaluated, and by modifying its particular parameters, other scenarios were generated and analyzed to identify optimal routes: S1, route optimized with the same working resources (change of stops sequencing only); S2, route optimized with change of vehicles; and S3, route optimized with change of collection method (vehicles and reallocation of bins). The results showed that the three scenarios guarantee savings compared to S0 in terms of collection time (14%, 57%, and 57% for S1, S2, and S3, resp.) a...
A GIS – based model for solid waste collection management. The case of Heraklion city, Greece
Solid waste collection and transportation constitutes one of the most significant environmental and socio-economic worldwide problems. The constant global population growth with a consequent increase in human needs leads to the aggravation of the phenomenon. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal routes for waste collection and transportation based on distance, time, fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Heraklion city, Crete, Greece. In order to find the optimal routes, a spatial model was created under the framework of Geographic Information System-based network analysis. The methodology includes data collection, model construction, analysis as well as the quantification of environmental, social and economic benefits, which includes the comparison of the current status with the obtained results from the modeling. The results from this study include the optimal routes generated by the methodology described above and their comparison with the existing practices. The comparison is carried out in quantitative terms, in order to ensure optimum management of economic and natural resources as well as human welfare.