Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats following a single intramuscular administration (original) (raw)
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Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine in sheep and goats
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1979
Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine were determined in sheep and goats following a single intravenous injection (100 mg/kg). The disposition of the drug was described in terms of exponential expression: Cp=Be-βt. Based on total (free and bound) sulphonamide level in plasma, pseudo-distribution equilibrium was rapidly attained and the half-life for elimination was 3.88 ± 0.64 h and 4.00 ± 0.34 h in sheep and goats, respectively. Body clearance, which is the sum of all clearance processes was 88 ± 19 and 55 ± 4 ml/kg/h in sheep and goats. Based on this study a satisfactory intravenous dosage regimen might consist of 100 and 60 mg sulphadimidine/kg body wt for sheep and goats and should be repeated at 12 h intervals. The influence of disease conditions on predicted plasma levels remain to be verified experimentally. Three-quarters of an intravenously injected dose of sulphadimidine was excreted in the urine of sheep and goats within 24 h of administration. The drug was mainly excreted as free amine while acetylated drug constituted 7 and 8% of total drug content in the urine of sheep and goats, respectively.
Pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in Indian cattle calves
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2020
Sulphadimidine is commonly used in field condition to treat enteritis of bacterial origin in veterinary clinical practice. The ultimate success of any therapy depends upon the attainment of effective drug concentration in vivo which requires the selection of appropriate dosage for the drug. Pharmacokinetic studies provide the data necessary for calculating the dose and dosage regimen. In view of this, a pharmacokinetic study of sulphadimidine in cattle calves following i.v was undertaken to study the disposition kinetics. The concentration of sulphadimidine in plasma of cattle calves was analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. A dose of 100 mg.kg-1 was used for i.v. Studies. The initial mean plasma concentration of 338.17µg.ml-1 sulphadimidine was found in plasma of male cattle calves, which declined to the minimum concentration of 0.21 µg.ml-1 (72 h), in these animals. The t1/2 β, Vd(area), ClB and AUC of sulphadimidine in male cattle calves were observed to be 10.43±0....
The oral pharmacokinetics of three sulfonamides, sulfadimidine (pKa 7.5), sulfadiazine (pKa 6.5) and sulfanilamide (pKa 10.5), with different rates of unionization in rumen juice, were compared in Shiba goats to clarify the relationship between drug absorption profiles after their oral administration as well as their degree of unionization in the rumen. Sulfonamides were administered either into the left jugular vein or orally to five male goats at doses of 10 mg/kg body weight, using a crossover design with at least a 3-week washout period. The T max of sulfadimidine, sulfadiazine and sulfanilamide reached 2.0 ± 1.2, 6.0 ± 0.0, and 7.8 ± 1.6 hr, respectively, after their oral administration, and this was followed by their slow elimination due to a slow rate of drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The MAT and t 1/2ka of sulfadiazine (13.2 ± 2.0 and 10.9 ± 1.08 hr) were significantly longer than those of sulfanilamide (9.09 ± 1.67 and 7.46 ± 1.70 hr) and sulfadimidine (7.52 ± 0.85 and 5.17 ± 0.66 hr). These results suggest that the absorption rates of highly unionized drugs (such as sulfanilamide and sulfadimidine) from the forestomach of goats may be markedly higher than less unionized ones (such as sulfadiazine). The mean oral bioavailability of sulfadiazine was high (83.9 ± 17.0%), whereas those of sulfadimidine and sulfanilamide were low (44.9 ± 16.4% and 49.2 ± 2.11%, respectively).
Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine (sulfamethazine) in camels, sheep and goats
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1991
netics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine (sulfamethazine) in camels, sheep and goats. J. vet. Phannacol. Therap. 14. 269-275. The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine were studied in male camels, sheep and goats. The two drugs were administered concomitantly. Following intravenous injection of antipyrine (25 mg/kg) and sulphadimidine (sulfamethazine) (100 mg/kg), the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs were adequately described by a one-compartment model. Antipyrine half-life in goats (2.58 h) was shorter than that in sheep (4.04 h) and camels (18.78 h). T h e plasma clearance was greatest in goats then sheep and then camels. For sulphadimidine. a significantly greater volume of distribution was observed in camels and the greatest plasma clearance and shortest half-life were reported in goats. Sulphadimidine half-life was 2.77 h in goats, 4.72 h in sheep and 7.36 h in camels. The present results suggest that goats have the. fastest elimination of these drugs from the circulation, followed by sheep and then camels.
Some pharmacokinetic aspects of sulphadoxine alone and sulphadoxine-trimethoprim (TMP) combination were studied in goats following single intravenous (i.v) and intramuscular (i.m) administration of 15 mg kg-1 b.wt. After i.v injection the serum sulphadoxine concentration time course was best described by two compartment-open model with distribution half-lives (t0.5(α)) 2.48 and 2.31 h., elimination (t0.5(β)) half-lives 23.10 and 24.75 h., total body clearance (ClB) 0.076 and 0.073 L kg-1 h.-1 and steady state volume of distribution (Vdss) 368.54 and 411.73 ml kg-1 for sulphadoxine alone and sulphadoxine-trimethoprim combination, respectively. After i.m administration the mean peak serum concentrations (Cmax) 25.69 and 33.31 ug ml-1 were achieved after maximum time (tmax) of 3.09 and 2.79 h. for sulphadoxine alone and sulphadoxine-trimethoprim combination, respectively. The absorption half-lives (t0.5(ab)) were 0.58 and 0.42 h., respectively. It is concluded that a combination of sulphadoxine and TMP can provide a synergistic level for both antimicrobials and thus be a useful combination in the treatment of various goat diseases.
Veterinary Research Communications, 2008
Sulphonamides are still being used widely, influenced by the low cost and the efficacy against many common bacterial infections, since they present a broad spectrum of activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) integration of intravenous sulfamethazine (60 mg/kgbw) in cattle, and the possible therapeutic outcomes. Six healthy female calves, at the age of one, three, seven and fifteen weeks were used. Normality analysis was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Non-parametric tests for paired data were used. Plasma concentrations were quantified using HPLC/uv. Differences were found between one-three-weeks-old calves and seven-fifteen-weeks-old calves, in pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance, area under the concentration-time curve and elimination half-life) and in the PK/PD integration. The ratios obtained in PK/PD integration (T>MIC, WAUC) confirm that it is necessary to apply twice the dose of sulfamethazine in ≥ 7 weeks-old cattle to reach a satisfactory dosage regimen (MIC≥32 μg/mL).