Metal pollution of sediments in small water reservoirs in the Kielce Highland (South Eastern Poland) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
The paper presents the results of determinations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in 24 samples of bottom sediments collected in six gauging cross-sections along the course of the Mala Welna river (western Poland). The samples were collected once a month from May to August 2006. The determinations were made separately in the following granulometric fractions: >2.0, 2.0-1.0, 1.0-0.5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25-0.1, 0.1-0.063, and <0.063 mm, using 3M HCl as the extraction agent. The concentrations of the heavy metals studied were lowest in the 0.5-0.25 and 0.25-0.1 mm fractions, and the highest in the 0.1-0.063 and <0.063 mm fractions, and also in the larger fraction. The determinations were made using atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization (F-AAS).
Cadmium contamination of sediments in the water reservoirs in Silesian Upland (southern Poland)
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016
Purpose Cadmium (Cd) is considered a toxic element and its concentrations are relevant to human health and the environment. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which the bottom sediments of water bodies (artificial lakes and ponds) in the Silesian Upland in southern Poland are contaminated with Cd; an attempt was also made to determine the factors that condition spatial differences in the concentration of this element between individual water bodies in the region. Materials and methods Measurements of the Cd content in bottom sediments were carried out in 35 water bodies in southern Poland in 2011 and 2012. Depending on the surface area and morphometric characteristics, from two to nine samples representative in terms of sediment thickness were collected in each water body. Cadmium concentrations were determined for 92 0.25 g aliquots using the TD-ICP method. Results and discussion Cadmium content in all samples (0.7-580.0 mg kg −1) was higher than the natural range of concentrations for this element in the Earth's crust (0.1-0.3 mg kg −1) and the geochemical background for Poland (0.5 mg kg −1) and, with a few exceptions, was also higher than the preindustrial concentration (1.0 mg kg −1) and the regional geochemical background (2.5 mg kg −1). Adopting natural Cd concentrations in the Earth's crust (0.1-0.3 mg kg −1) as the baseline for the geoaccumulation index (I geo), the sediments examined can be classified as extremely and heavily contaminated (and moderately contaminated in a small number of cases). The assessment of sediment quality based on I geo, with the regional geochemical background (2.5 mg kg −1) adopted as the baseline, results in non-contaminated and moderately contaminated sediments being dominant with a far smaller number of heavily and extremely contaminated ones. Conclusions In the case of several water bodies, Cd concentrations were at record levels that have not been found anywhere else in the world. On the basis of the I geo , sediments of varying quality were found-from virtually uncontaminated to extremely contaminated. The I geo index as an indicator of the quality of bottom sediments is a measure that requires careful interpretation, especially when different concentration levels regarded as natural are used for determining its value.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2015
Environmental pollution influences all environmental components: air, precipitation, surface water, groundwater, and soil. Between these elements constant exchange and penetration by chemicals occurs. Their sources are natural and anthropogenic. The quantity and quality of these contaminants are varied and depend on a number of factors. Respect for its natural geographical location, terrain, geological structure, the presence of water reservoirs, and open spaces is important. The distortion of the natural landscape by people introduces more or less visible changes. However, they are not neutral to the environment. These changes result in alterations to the composition of air, water, and soil. This is done both at a low and a high degree of contamination and reduces the accumulation of chemical condition of the environment.
2016
The ICP and INAA methods were used to determine the chemical composition of bottom sediments in the Otmuchów and Dzierżno Duże Reservoirs in southern Poland. It was found that the following components are dominant in the bottom sediments of the Otmuchów Reservoir: SiO2 (68.20–79.34%), Al2O3 (8.31–10.23%), organic matter (2.07–8.88%) and Fe2O3 (2.98–3.80%), with different proportions of these components in the sediments found in the Dzierżno Duże Reservoir (organic matter – 44.30–58.12%; SiO2 – 20.78–28.45%, Al2O3 – 7.61–9.22%, Fe2O3 – 4.39–6.59%); the other oxides also differed in the order of their percentage shares. Most of the trace elements analysed were detected in the bottom sediments of the water bodies examined in amounts corresponding to the concentration ranges found in sedimentary rocks. It was demonstrated that some of the microelements (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, S, Sr, V and Zn) deviate significantly from the levels considered natural for aquatic sediments in Poland a...
Regional Pattern of Heavy Metal Content in Lake Sediments in Northeastern Poland
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2011
We investigated sediments from 23 lakes situated in northeastern Poland and analyzed them for major constituents and selected heavy metals. Short sediment cores were collected from the deepest parts of the lakes, and subsequently, a surface layer (0–2 cm) and reference layer (50–52 cm) were sampled from each. In the collected samples, the content of the major constituents (organic matter, carbonates, and minerogenic material) and chosen heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was analyzed. In the reference layer, representing natural metal content, we identified quite a substantial diversity among lakes, making it difficult to pinpoint one geochemical background value for the whole region. A multivariate analysis of the interrelationships among elements and a comparison of the median values revealed no statistically significant differences between surface and reference levels. The ratio of the mean content in the surface and reference sediments ranged from 0.9 to 1.6, indicating the lack of or only slight anthropogenic pollution in surface sediments. From a spatial perspective, higher metal contents were observed in the eastern part of the study area, but this trend manifested in both surface and reference sediments. Thus, the inference is that the recently accumulated sediments are characterized by a content that is representative of the natural geochemical background for the selected metals.
Environmental Geology, 2007
This article presents the results of a geochemical investigation of sediments from Lake Druzno (northern Poland), a reservoir fed by freshwater from the catchment, with periodic input of brackish water from Vistula Lagoon. This study analyzed the spatial variation in heavy metal content in surface sediments as well as the temporal changes in metal content in two sediment cores dated using the 210 Pb method. In the surface sediments, the highest metal concentrations were recorded in the northern part of the lake, with lower concentrations in the central and southern parts. Absolute values of metal concentrations in the cores were low, but normalization with respect to Al showed an increase during the second half of the 20th century. Mean enrichment factors (EF) in sediments from the second half of the 20th century ranged from insignificant (1-1.2) for Fe to (1.55-3.3) for Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. The sediments deposited before 1950 had lower EF values (>1.5) and had low variability. Results from both the surface sediments and the cores indicate that the main source of lake pollution is brackish water intrusion from the Vistula Lagoon via the contaminated River Elbląg.
Distribution of heavy metals in the Mała Wełna River system (western Poland)
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 2000
This paper reports the results of measurements of heavy metal concentrations in water, suspension, and bottom sediment samples collected at eight sites along the Mała Wełna River (western Poland). The samples were collected once a month from May to August 2006. The highest variations in the water of the Mała Wełna River were noted in the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu. The results indicate that the suspension plays an important role in the transportation of pollutants contaminating the water and later in the accumulation of pollutants in the bottom sediments. The concentration of heavy metals in the bottom sediments were determined 4 Corresponding 52 individually in grain size fractions: >2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25-0.1, 0.1-0.063, <0.063 mm. Concentrations of them were the lowest in the 0.5-0.25 and 0.25-0.1 mm fractions, and were the highest in the 0.1-0.063 and <0.063 fractions.
Research Journal of …, 2011
Sediments are reliable indicators of environmental pollution. The territory of the Banská Štiavnica region belongs to the contaminated areas of the Slovak Republic. Among the present polluters is an aluminum manufacturing plant in the Žiar nad Hronom, whose emissions influence a wide area, while in the past it was an extensive mining activity, which had a significant adverse impact on the environment of the Banská Štiavnica and its environs. In this study, in the year 2010, the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Hg, Zn) have been studied in the sediments of the four artificial water reservoirs (the Počúvadlo, the Little Richňava, the Great Richňava, the Windsachta). In term of contamination importance is eminent of interaction vein and surface water of sediments with inappropriateness anthropogenic activity (past and present mining activities, irresponsible activity by gardening and agricultural), with diversity waste materials, which are standing in wild dumps form. Analyses samples of sediments we were carried by (certificate no. 01871/101/1/2001) flow electro chemistry methods (EcaFlow 150GLP). At present contaminants are relevant especially cadmium (concentration in the space of value from 0.996 to 5.016 mg.kg-1 Cd dry matter) and lead (18.13-57.08 mg.kg-1 dry matter). Other analyzed elements were arsenic (from 0.068 to 0.298 mg.kg-1 dry matter), copper (from 4.22 to 8.97 mg.kg-1 dry matter), mercury (from 0.086 to 0.398 mg.kg-1 dry matter), and zinc (from 25.9 to 78.64 mg.kg-1 dry matter), in the selected artificial water reservoirs. From statistical processing of data we had ascertained, that dependency of selected heavy metals were significantly correlated and strongly positive association, particularly Cd:Pb relation. Where is increase of cadmium concentration in the environment, there is spotted also high accumulation of lead contents, these connection is dependent. We had observed the expressive effect as a toxic elements to the potential increased incidence of individual affection for organisms of this monitored territory. Increasing concentration of chemical elements in the human environment can cause to origination of various disturbances and diseases. The uptake of cadmium, lead and other metals in food is one of the main exposition ways for organisms. Between the most important exposition sources for people belong roll and other root vegetables, green-stuff-vegetables products, cereals.
Savremene tehnologije, 2014
In this study, the nature of the association of heavy metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn) in sediments of the recent reservoir "Barje" (Leskovac, Serbia) was investigated. The aim was to make the identification of their substrates, as well as to define the external factors (hydrological and anthropogenic affecting their distribution) which will contribute to a better understanding of the interactions that take place in the reservoir and predict the mobility of the investigated heavy metals. Chemical distribution of heavy metals was tested by using the method of sequential extraction and by data processing using statistical methods such as correlation, cluster and factor analysis. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that major substrates of heavy metals are in the residual immobile fraction (Fe, Zn and Ni). Since the accumulation has a small organic substance content, Fe and Mn oxides are the most important binding substrates of heavy metals. Although it was determined that lead and cadmium are of the carbonate nature, their concentrations in the reservoir are negligible.
Applied Geochemistry, 1996
The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the Wilga River has been studied. Comparison of a sample from the city border with that from the river outlet reveals increasing metal concentrations by factors ofca. 27 for Cr, 8 for Cu, 5 for Zn and Ni and 3 for Pb. Since 1989, for most metals. a decreasing trend in concentrations, at compared sampling sites, has been noted. Nevertheless, the amount of heavy metals is still rather high and ranges (in mg/kg) as follows: Cr, 3-98 Ni and 1-8 Cd. A strong variability of metal concentration along the river course has been found. Their elevated concentration results from some sources of pollution situated in the river valley, including: industrial plants, their settling ponds and busy roads. It is very probable that morphological features of the river, like river bends, cause the increase ofmetal contents. It has been found that the amount ofheavy metals contributed by grain fractions < 20 pm is most frequently comparable with or higher than the proportions of that fraction in the fine fraction of sediment ( < 63 pm).