Molecular differentiation and determination of multi-drug resistant isolates of Pseudomonas species collected from burn patients in Kurdistan Region, Iraq (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2020
Background: Pseudomonas is a common bacteria found all over the world; in soil,water, and plants, and it is one of the most common pathogens in hospital-acquired infections. Aims: The aims of this study were isolation of P. aeruginosa bacteria from patients with inflammation of burns, Diagnosis and identification of P. aeruginosa using chemical tests and VITEK2 system and alsostudy of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa using the VITEK2 system. Method: (206) swabs were collected from wounds and burns; (139) samples from burns and (67) samples from wounds; from different clinical cases for both sexes and ages (1-70) years, the patients coming and sleeping in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Burns Hospital in the City of Medicine at Baghdad city; the duration from January to the end of March 2019. Samples were cultured on the variety of culture media (MacConkey agar, Blood agar and Cetrimide agar) in order to obtain the bacterial isolates of P. aeruginosa depending on their phenotypic characteristics.VITEK2 system were used for identification P. aeruginosaand to study their resistance to the antibiotics. Results: Out of the 206 samples, 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from swabs. 31(62%) isolates were isolated from burn and 19 (38%) from wound swabs. The isolates were subjected to a series of biochemical tests as diagnosed with Api 20E; and VITEK2 system to increase confirmation of isolation yield for P. aeruginosa bacteria. The results showed that the majority of isolates were (92%) resistant to Amoxicillin while the isolates differed between sensitive and moderate sensitivity and resistance to other types of antibiotics. Conclusion: The study showed that the percentage of isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria from wound infections is relatively higher than the rate of isolation from burn swabs. Most of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to most types of antibiotics used in the present study, especially the antibiotic Amoxicillin where the resistance rate was 92%.
2020
In this study, 225 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recovered from burn wounds in major hospitals in Duhok and Erbil, Iraq, between April 2015 and September 2015. A total of 136 of these isolates were from men, comprising 60.4% of the total, whereas 89 (39.6%) were recovered from women. One hundred of these isolates were selected (50 from each province of Erbil and Duhok) and subjected to 16 different antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The isolates showed a high level of resistance to most of the tested antibiotics, with 90% of the isolates being multidrug resistant. Imipenem was considered as the most effective antibiotic against these isolates with a resistant rate of 47%. The genome of all of these isolates were successfully amplified and produced a single band for the 16S rDNA locus with a molecular weight of about 956 base pairs, which was used to confirm, at the molecular level, that all these isolates were indeed P. aeruginosa. The results of the detection of...
2016
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a mobile bacterium and cylindrical in shape, which grows easily in many medium. These bacteria can cause serious infections in burn patients due to damages of the skin as the first line of defense so that was a major factor of deaths in about 77% in these patients in the past 25 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa in patients hospitalized at Qutb al-Din Shirazi with Primer 272. This cross-sectional study was conducted experimentally over a period of one year (March 2013 to March 2014) at Burn Research Center, University of Medical Sciences of Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 200 samples were collected by swab from the burn patients admitted to hospital over a period of one year. It should be noted that all samples were taken in the morning before washing the patients and delivered to the microbiology laboratory. All samples were then evaluated using microbiological phenotypic tests for microscopic...
2021
In the current study, 225 isolates of P. aeruginosaburn infection have been collected from major hospitals in Duhok and Erbil / Iraq, from April 2015 till to September 2015. One hundred thirty six of these were isolated from males accounting 60.4 % whereas 89(39.6%) of them were recovered from females. One hundred of these isolates were selected (fifty from each province including; Erbil and Duhok Province) and subjected to 16 different antibiotics using disc diffusion method showed high resistancy to most tested antibiotics, 90% of these isolates were multidrug resistant, Imipeneme was considered as the most effective antibiotic effect on these isolates with resistant rate 47%.The genome all of these isolates were successfully amplified producing a single band of the 16srDNA locus in all strains with a molecular weight of about 956 bp in order to confirm at molecular level that all these isolates were P. aeruginosa.The results of the detection of five virulence related genes including (opr-1, tox-A,exo-S,las-B, and nan-1) revealed that ten of these isolates accounting (10%) lacked any tested virulence markers,oprIas a marker for presence of pathogenicity island was the most predominant marker among all other virulence markers accounting 90(90%) followed by tox-A, and exo-S accounting 86(86%) and 86(86%) respectively, while the prevalence of las-Bgene is found with the rate 82(82%) and nan-1with35(35%)respectively.
Burns, 2003
The serovars and drug susceptibility patterns of 265 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from burn patients during 2001-2002 at Motahari and Tohid Hospital were determined. Distribution of serovars was different at two hospitals. Most of the isolates at Tohid Hospital belonged to serovar 0:1, but 21 and 13% of them were untypeable or polyagglutinable, respectively. Serovar 0:11 was the most prevalent serovar at Motahari Hospital. All the strains were multi resistant to tetracyclin, carbenicillin, amikacin, ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazol, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, kanamycin, cefotaxime and gentamicin. Further analysis of the strains by plasmid profiling demonstrated that 95% of the isolates carried two megaplasmids. However, there was not any correlation between the serotyping and presence of plasmids. Changes in the drug susceptibility patterns and -lactamase production of some cured derivatives were observed after the strains lost their plasmids. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa is a serious concern in burn patients who are hospitalized in Tehran.
Background and objectives: One of the most important opportunistic infectious agents is P. aeruginosa, especially in patients with weakened immune systems such as burn patients. For the treatment of resistant isolates to penicillin and aminoglycoside, carbapenem such as imipenem (IMP) and meropenem (MEM) are important antibiotics. Because of the importance of finding the source of contamination and the transfer patterns of resistance in the control of hospital infections, this research was conducted to assess the antibiotic susceptibility and genetic patterns of isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from patients referring to Qutb al-Din Shirazi hospital. Materials and methods: 200 samples were taken the patients. 50 cases were identified using standard biochemical tests and were examined by applying the Kirby-Bauer method to find the patterns of sensitivity and their genetic relationship was revealed through RAPD-PCR technique with the help of primer 287. Results: RAPD-PCR technique is a genotyping tool with high discriminatory power in epidemiological studies and bacterial polymorphism. According to findings antibiotic resistance in isolates of P. aeruginosa is increasing along with various patterns in different wards of hospital. The children's ward had just common genetic patterns with other wards of the hospital due to contamination in other sectors. Conclusion: Therefore, given to results serious measures must be done to find the infection sources through physicians and staff during work at hospital in order to control and prevent the transmission of the bacteria.
Acta medica Iranica, 2011
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important life-threatening nosocomial pathogen and plays a prominent role in serious infections in burned patients. The current study was undertaken to characterize P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burned patients in Tehran, Iran. The study was conducted in a major burn center in Tehran, Iran in 2007. A total of seventy specimens obtained from different clinical origin with positive culture results for P. aeruginosa were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the standard CLSI guideline. The relationship between the strains was also determined using antimicrobial drug resistance pattern analysis and plasmid profiling. All strains were multi drug resistant. The percentage of resistance to tested antibiotics was: imipenem 97.5%, amikacin 90%, piperacillin 87.5%, ceftizoxime 72.7%, gentamicin 67.5%, ciprofloxacin 65%, ceftriaxone 60%, and ceftazidime 57.5%. Thirteen resistant phenotypes were recognized, R3 (TE...
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become the most common cause of infections in burn patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotyping and genotyping of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients in Mottahari hospital during June-October 2016. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 P. aeruginosa strains were collected from wound infected patients. Identification of the isolates was performed by biochemical tests and confirmed by specific 16srDNA PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. The isolates were then evaluated for genotyping by ERIC-PCR. Results: From a total of 78 collected isolates, 77 isolates (98.7%) were confirmed as P. aeruginosa by specific PCR. We found 4 antibiotypes. The highest resistance was observed to imipenem and gentamicin (~100%), and the most sensitivity was shown to colistin (100%). Overall, MDR phenotype was observed in most of the isolates (98.7%). The PCR of ERIC box produced 52 different patterns and 3 main clusters. Also, 59 (83%), 2 (3%), and 9 (13%) isolates were included in Cluster A, B, and C, respectively, and Cluster A was the predominant ERIC profile. Conclusion: The high resistance to antibiotics in our study may be due to their abundant use as the prophylactic or treatment regimen in wound infections. So appropriate use of antibiotics seems necessary, and colistin is a proper choice for treatment of burn infection. In genotyping, 3 main clusters and 52 different patterns were shown. The majority of the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients were related and belonged to Cluster A.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important infectious agent which causes nosocomial infections in immune-compromised patients, especially among burnt patients. In recent times, it has emerged as a far-flung Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogen which needs regular and periodic antibiotic susceptibility surveillance. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify MDR-P. aeruginosa from the burn patients held in the burn unit of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) for ~2 months under treatment andto determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern for some commonly prescribed antibiotics. P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from ten random wound swab samples of burnt patients through selective growth on MacConkey and Cetrimide agar media. Selected isolates were subjected to cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the P. aeruginosa isolates were investigated by standard disk diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer. We assessed their antibiotic sensitivity patterns employing Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ceftazidime, Cephalexin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, and Tetracycline. Two isolates of P. aeruginosa exhibited similar biochemical profiles but differ in cultural characteristics and antibiotypes; hence recognized as separate strains: P. aeruginosa CU1 and P. aeruginosa CU2. P. aeruginosa CU1 was found to be an MDR strain and showed resistance to all the test antibiotics. Not only the isolate exhibited resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, but also showed remarkable resistance against two recommended antipseudomonal drugs: gentamicin and ceftazidime. Despite not being an MDR, P. aeruginosa CU2 exhibited resistance against amoxicillin, ampicillin and gentamicin. Though this report covered a small number of samplings and the results represent only a tiny fraction of total burnt patients of the Chittagong city; our findings are auguring enough considering public health concern which might spur care from public health management system of the nation.
Research J. Pharm. and Tech., 2018
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a standout amongst the most hazardous microorganisms of high morbidity and mortality rates especially in debilitated patients with few successful antibiotic choices available due to the rapid dissemination of antimicrobials resistance. Therefore, the present study was intended to examine the susceptibility and resistance pattern of various Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates taken from patients at an Egyptian hospital against commonly prescribed anti-pseudomonal antibiotics. In the current study, 150 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from different types of specimens (urine, sputum and wound-burn) and identified using classical standard procedures. The isolates were 44 from urine, 61 from sputum and 45 from burn-wound infections. After identification, all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using disc diffusion technique. According to the specimens' type, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the tested isolates from urine specimens exhibited the highest susceptibility against colistin sulfate (88.64%) and to a lower extent imipenem (75%). On the other hand, urine isolates showed the highest resistance to piperacillin (22.73%). The isolates from sputum specimens showed the highest susceptibility against colistin sulfate (98.36%) followed by both aztreonam and ciprofloxacin (80.33%) while the same isolates showed the highest resistance to gentamicin (37.79%) and both piperacillin and ceftazidime (22.95%). Finally, the highest susceptibility of the isolates recovered from burn-wound specimens was against colistin sulfate (82.22%) and levofloxacin (75.56%) and the highest resistance was obtained against gentamicin (42.22%) and both piperacillin and ceftazidime (37.78%). In addition, our data revealed that 30% of the isolates tested were found to be multi-drug resistant. In view of the present outcomes, we can infer that despite the fact of the development of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, which are difficult to be treated, some available antibiotics still able to dominate pseudomonal infections with a reasonable percentage of success, for example, colistin sulfate and quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin). At last, it is very important to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to initiate an effective therapy especially in cases of multi-drug resistant strains.