Antibiotic resistance patterns of urinary pathogens in outpatients and inpatients: A report from Eastern Libya (original) (raw)
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Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is one of the most common infectious diseases, due to presence of bacteria in urine together with symptoms, and sometimes signs, of inflammation like frequent micturation, dysuria, pyuria, nucturia, fever, and haematuria, most commonly occurring in women. Antimicrobial agents are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for UTIS, in other hand the high consumption of often inappropriately prescribed antibiotics combined with crowding, multiple pathology and frequent uses of invasive devices are the major factors contributing to high level resistance.This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of microorganisms in UTIs and the pattern of antimicrobial utilization and their susceptibility also the risk of difference in sex on UTIs in Basra, Iraq.The study was conducted at the urology wards in Al-Basra General Hospital, Al- Fayhaa General Hospital, Alsader Teaching Hospital and Al-Mowani General Hospital in Basra, Iraq, where the d...
Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common human bacterial infections encountered by physicians. The risk of resistant microbes is emerging as a result of the overuse of antibiotics treatments. The presence of pathogens with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents makes UTIs difficult to treat. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the pathogens that cause UTIs, as well as the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted from February 2020 to April 2020; a total number of 200 urine samples were collected from patients who daily attended TMC Libya. Bacterial pathogens were determined by bacteriological culture methods and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 200 samples, 110 cases had a positive culture. The dominant bacterial pathogens were Gram-negative that being with Escherichia coli (49, 55.68%), followed by Kl...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 2015
The study of the UTI causative pathogens in a region and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is mandatory to determine the empirical therapy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microorganisms causing UTI and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility in Duhok. 141 urine samples were collected from UTI patients from January to December 2014. Bacterial isolates were identified and their susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined by the Vitek-2 system. The gender distribution of UTI was 68.79 %(97/141) in women and 31.2%(44/141) in men. The prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were 52.48% (74/141), 47.51% (67/141) respectively. The highest infection was by Escheria. coli 74.32% (55/74), Staphylococcus haemolyticus 23.88%(16/67), and Enterococcus faecalis 23.38%(15/67). Gram-negative isolates were susceptible to Aminoglycosides and Carbapenems. While Gram-positive bacterial isolates showed sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and nitrofurans. Most isolates were resistant to penicillin group. Gram-negative isolates showed a heavy resistance to cefuroxime, while Gram-positive isolates were resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline.Therefore, we conclude thatE. coli and Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol., 30(2) (2015), 54-63 55 Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most prevalent isolated uropathogens in Duhok. Susceptibility test showed resistance to penicillins, cefuroxime, erythromycin and tetracycline. Such results should be considered before deciding the empirical treatment of bacterial UTI.
Malaysian journal of microbiology, 2024
Aims: Multidrug-resistant bacteria urinary tract infections (MDR-UTI) are a global concern, leading to increased morbidity, mortality and financial costs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MDR-UTI and establish the epidemiological profile of UTI due to different phenotypes of MDR-UTI. Methodology and results: This is a retrospective study of MDR-UTI assessed at the microbiology laboratory of Mohammed VI University Hospital Center of Oujda over 37 months from March 2016 to April 2019. The study included all requests for cytobacteriological examination of urine (CBEU) according to the instructions of the medical microbiology guidelines. An agar medium was utilized for bacterial culture experimentation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. CBEU in UTIs allowed the isolation of 1078 isolates. They were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria (87.65%; n=945), followed by Gram-positive bacteria for 12.34% (n=133). This included 181 (16.80%) multidrug-resistant strains, which were dominated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) (n=144; 79.55%). Young male adults exhibited a higher occurrence of isolated ESBL-E and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). As for the distribution by department, there was a near equality between the MDR isolates isolated from outpatients (n= 88; 49%) versus the inpatients (n= 93; 51%). Exactly 152 (84%) isolated MDR cases were observed in patients who did not have a urinary catheter, 157 (87%) and 141 (78%) cases of MDR of UTI were not associated with care and occurred in non-immunocompromised patients, respectively. Prior antibiotic exposure was observed in only 58 (32%) cases. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study confirmed the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections in the community and hospitals. The fight against this problem will require all stakeholders' involvement to achieve the goals from one health perspective in line with international agenda.
The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common infection feature worldwide. Infected patients are usually treated empirically treated without culture or antibiotics susceptibility testing, and which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance level. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common uropathogenic bacteria isolated at Youssef Hospital Center, Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon. Methods. Spot midstream of urine samples from 9662 patients with UTI symptoms who came for medical investigation to Youssef Hospital Center located in Akkar governorate. Urine specimens were collected in sterile plastic bottles. Culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using conventional tools according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results. A total of 1009 bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was most presented (72.5%) of all isol...
Microbial resistance in patients with urinary tract infections in Al-Mukalla, Yemen
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an aggravating and common problem in human at sometimes during their life and may give more complications. Objective: To project antimicrobial resistance in patients with UTI as a wide problem among cases referred to the National Center of Public Health Laboratories in Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital in Al-Mukalla, Hadhramout Governorate in Yemen. Materials and methods: From 290 cases referred from Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital outpatients, urine samples were tested and reported in the National Center for Public Health Laboratories at the period from 2003 to 2006. Data were obtained from the records of the center (for urine examination, culture and sensitivity test) and analyzed. Results: Among 290 cases, 147(50.7%) were suffering from urinary tract infection. E. coli, which is the normal intestinal flora, was the most common isolate 52 (35.4%). E. coli showed high resistance against quinolones (84.6%) and penicillin (78.8%) and there was no resistance against macrolides. Conclusion: Microbial resistance strains were high, which may be due to the abuse of antibiotics.
Duhok Medical Journal, 2019
Background:Anti-microbial resistance could be a major public-health problem worldwide and universal endeavors are required to counteract its rise and the moment most common reason for observational antibiotic treatment. Optimal treatment seems diminish mortality and morbidity in surgical patients and play a crucial part in combating the continuous emergencies of expanding antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to study the pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility in urinary cultures to Central laboratory in Duhok City and to study the rationality of antibiotic treatment urinary tract infection. Patients and Methods:One hundred fifty-one UTI urine samples (culture positive) were collected from patient of central laboratory. Identified and isolated bacteria were determined by biochemical tests like Gram staining, Indole, oxidase, catalase, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate utilization, hemolysis, motility; and urea; fermentation and utilization tests of glucose, lactose and sucrose. Sensitivity pattern of isolates was determined against some traditional and conventional antibiotics. Results:Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria (40.4 %) followed by E.coli (31.8%). The overall levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics were moderate in all pathogens. Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin were generally the antibiotics with lowest rates of resistance. Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones were the most often used antibiotics. In first-line treatment, only 55 % of cases were given at least one antibiotic to which the bacteria were sensitive. A statistically significant higher resistant to both Amoxicillin and Erythromycin were found in cultures from UTI patients (P = 0.02 and P = 0.002). Conclusions:Commonly encountered bacteria in this study which are Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were found to be highly sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin and, to lesser extent, to ciprofloxacin, while low sensitivity pattern was recorded against Amoxicillin and Gentamicin, pointing to that antibacterial misuse is the leading cause for their resistance. The most commonly prescribed antibacterial Trimethoprim.
Bacterial Pathogen in Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Patteern in Zaraqa -Jordan
This study aimed to isolate the pathogenic agents involving Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in Zarqa city and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance pattern. Bacterial isolation and identificaction was conducted using standard methods. From 3756 urine sample collected from patients with UTI symptoms 392 (10.4 %) show positive urine cultures of which 318 (81 %) were females and 74 (19 %) were males. Among the isolated pathogen E. coli was the most frequent bacteria (80.8%) folloewd by Klebsiella spp. (11.7%), while Staphylococcus aureus was the least frequent bacteria (0.08%). All the isolated pathogens resist one or more antibiotic, E. coli and Klebsiella spp possessed high resitence to ampicillin (84.18 and 89.13%) respectively. One E. coil (0.32) isolate showed resistant against all tested antibiotics. Gram-negative bacteria were the major isolates in this study, and E. coli was the predominant isolated bacteria. The knowledge of antibiotic sensitivity pattern in this study will be helpful for the effective treatment of the UTI in this population.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms causing Urinary Tract Infections in Saudi Arabia
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2018
Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is one of the most common infections worldwide. UTIs remain a challenge to the healthcare system because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study is to report the most common UTI-causative organisms associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: a retrospective cross sectional study of 1918 positive urine culture samples of both gender collected over 9 months (May 2015 to February 2016) from a major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: the median age of individuals involved in the study was 43 years, with males constituting 27.7% only of the population. Among cases deemed complicated (81.1%), common causes were diabetes, pregnancy, and immunocompromization, comprising 24.7%, 11.9%, and 10.8%, respectively. Escherichia coli (52%) was the most common uropathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%) Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) (7%), and Enterococcus faecalis (5%). Overall sensitivity studies showed the most highly resistant uropathogen was Escherichia coli (60%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%) Enterococcus faecalis (3%), and Enterobacter cloacae (2%). Concerning the first defense antibiotics prescribed for UTI, E. coli was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (47%) followed by ciprofloxacin (34%). K. pneumoniae was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (35%) followed by cefuroxime (30%), while P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin (13%). Conclusion: Because of a high level of antimicrobial resistance amongst uropathogens in Saudi Arabia, the development of regional and national UTI guidelines is recommended.
Elevated antibiotic resistance of Sudanese urinary tract infection bacteria
EXCLI journal, 2017
This study determined the prevalence of urinary tract infections in the Sudanese state of Khartoum and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacterial species. 200 adult patient urine specimens were collected and cultivated to identify the growing bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics. 35 % of specimens had significant bacterial growth. The most frequent isolates in this study were E. coli, E. faecalis and S. aureus. Most of the isolates were resistant to many antibiotics; Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates were resistant to 67 % and 44 % of the examined antibiotics, respectively. E. coli was the most frequent bacterium in the studied samples and it was highly resistant to first-line antibiotics. The most resistant bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas species and the lowest was for S. saprophyticus. The results highlighted the need for knowledge about antibiotic susceptibility profile of the bacteria causing UTI prior to antibiotic prescription in order to ...