A Study on Water Quality from Langat River, Selangor (original) (raw)
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Water quality degradation in the Selangor River will still be present in the years to come since pollutant loads from poultry farms, municipal wastewaters, and industrial wastewaters are not envisaged to be handled effectively. This will be facing the problems of water quality status to use for multiple purposes and to provide its aquatic environment continuously. The water quality evaluation system is used to assess the water quality condition in the river. This system distinguishes two categories of water condition i.e., the water quality index and water quality aptitude. The assessment of water quality for the Selangor River from nine stations along the main stream, which concludes that water has been highly polluted (index 5) immediately downstream of station 02 Selangor River before confluence with Kubu River due to high concentration of microorganisms and immediately downstream of station 06 Selangor River before confluence with Batang Kali River due to high concentrations of microorganisms and suspended particles, was verified. Mineral micropollutants were found to gradually pollute the stream water, ranging from the unpolluted water (index 1) in the upstream to the bad quality (index 4) in the downstream area.
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A study to determine the Water Quality Index (WQWQII) of Sungai Langat was conducted in which 10 sampling stations were selected. Water quality samples were taken according to the standard methods recommended by the American Public Health Association (APHA) and manual HATCH for the lab tests. The measurements done on site were to obtain reading parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels using the meter YSI 556 MPS. Laboratory analysis was conducted to get parameter readings such as total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N). All the parameters tested were the sub index needed in the calculation of the water quality classification. River classification is done according to the National Water Quality Index (WQS). The Pearson statistical correlation analysis was carried out to show the relationship between the sub-index parameter of (0.01) and the sampling stations for all parameters studied. Stations 1 and 2 were categorized in class I with an average value of (93.55 ± 2.27) and (92.56± 2.54) respectively. Station 3 recorded an average WQI reading of (91.55 ± 2.33) in class II while stations 4 to 10 recorded readings from (76.03 ± 4.72) to (68.60 ± 4:51) in class III. Generally the results show that the Water Quality Index from the sampling stations are categorized between classes I to III.
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Rivers and lakes are primary sources of water for towns and villages. However, the quality of these water bodies is currently deteriorating due to urbanization, industrialization, farming, and other anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted within January 25 th to November 26 th 2017at designated points at Pantai River, Anak Air Batu River, and Varsity Lake, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the physic-chemical and biological characteristics were determined in order to increase the statistical basis of these regions. In the physic-chemical evaluation of the water samples, diverse parameters were measured, such as the pH, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (SS), ammonia, phosphate and nitrate attention, and biology. These parameters were compared with the Water Quality Index (WQI) standards of water quality. Overall, the result showed that the DO, BOD, COD, and SS fall within cla...
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Water Quality Assessment of the Semenyih River, Selangor, Malaysia
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The water chemistry of selected rivers in Kota Marudu, Sabah was studied based on the major ion chemistry and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Ten sampling stations were selected and water samples were collected from each station to assess its chemical properties. The physico-chemical variables including temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity, ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH 3-N), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) were measured. The cations (K, Mg, Ca, Na) were analyzed by ICP-MS. Most of the variables were within the drinking water quality standards stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia except for turbidity. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and salinity hazard were calculated to identify the suitability of the water as irrigation water. The Wilcox diagram classifies that only 10% of samples are not suitable for the purpose of irrigation. The overall results showed that most of the rivers in Kota Marudu are still in a clean condition and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes except for Sumbilingan River, which is considered as slightly polluted. The results are supported by the hierarchical cluster analysis as the stations were grouped into two groups; low and high pollution intensities. This preliminary result can update the baseline data of selected water quality parameters in the Kota Marudu and could serve as tool for assisting relevant government bodies in regulating the water resources policies in the future.
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Anthropogenic activities over the years had adversely affected the environment especially the river and its ecosystem. This paper aims to study the river quality status of Salak River (locally known as Batang Salak) and map the river based on their water classes. 18 samples were collected and tested for physical-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, EC and NH 3 -N) and heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). Subsequently, the quality of the river is determined using Water Quality Index (WQI) and classified according to the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) for Malaysia. The results show that the river has low level of DO (range 2.08-2.34mg/L) and high level of COD (range 645-1044mg/L), and Pb (range 0.01-0.09mg/L). Based on the WQIs and NWQS, the river quality status for Salak River falls under Class IV which indicates that the river is slightly polluted. Further actions should be taken into consideration to further improve the quality of Salak River, hence, promoting a healthier environment to the surrounding communities.
Treated water quality based on conventional method in Langat River Basin, Malaysia
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2020
The water of Langat River is not suitable for drinking without treatment because of chemical pollution from both the point and non-point pollution sources, although it is one of the primary sources of drinking water in Selangor state, Malaysia. There is no significant study in Malaysia that has investigated the efficiency of treatment plants to remove metals from treated water. Therefore, Chelex 100 resin-ion exchanged method was applied to investigate the raw water samples and treated water samples of eight treatment plants. Samples were analyzed by Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for the dissolved concentrations of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead, which have complied with the drinking water quality standard of Ministry of Health Malaysia and World Health Organization. However, the average metal removal efficiency is about 52.48 ± 8.89% from treated water by the treatment plants based on a single sampling and this could be considered a preliminary indication to upgrade the treatment technology in Malaysia, because the efficiency in removing trace metals by the plants may vary in hourly samplings.
Surface Water Quality Assessment of Tunggak River Gebeng, Pahang, Malaysia
The objective of the study was to assess the water quality of Tunggak River and to find out the impact of industries on it. Water quality parameters were analyzed collecting samples from 8 stations during February-July 2012 across the river basin to fulfill the objective. Temperature, pH, DO, turbidity, TDS, EC and salinity data were collected using YSI during sampling. The physico-chemical parameters were analyzed using APHA & HACH standard methods. Heavy metals were determined using ICP-MS spectrometry. SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. The result showed that, average temperature and DO concentration was recorded 31.30 0 C and 2.24mg/L respectively; while the pH was found acidic at upper stream and alkaline at mid-stream region. The ranges of turbidity and TDS was observed 4.55 to 28.75 NTU and 19.6 to 49400mg/L respectively. NH4-N was recorded higher with a mean value of 1.96 mg/L. Average concentration of SO4 and PO43-was observed 193.26 and 1.71 mg/L respectively. Concentration of BOD and COD were found higher at all parts of the river with an average value of 22.04 and 51.16 mg/L respectively. Regarding heavy metals, Pb, Hg, and Co was recorded in toxic level in the surface water of the river.