Modeling and Reality in Early Twentieth-Century Physics (original) (raw)

The discourse on modeling in early twentieth-century physics reflects a transition from realistic notions of physical entities, such as atoms and molecules, to a focus on abstract expressions that encapsulate physical phenomena. Historical figures like Boltzmann, Mach, Planck, Sommerfeld, and Pauli articulated the significance of theoretical constructs as tools rather than concrete realities. This paper explores the philosophical underpinnings of their approaches, emphasizing the evolving understanding of models in the context of physical inquiry and their role in bridging theory and empirical experience.