Patents as indicators for the evaluation of industrial research output (original) (raw)
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I provide empirical evidence that quality-adjusted patents can identify technological innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises. Survey data on commercialization of patents is related to patent quality indicators (patent renewal, patent family size and forward citations) from archival sources. Among the patent quality indicators, both the length of patent renewal and the size of the patent family indicate that a patent has been commercialized. Patent renewal for at least 6 years is sufficient to predict an accurate probability of commercialization. Furthermore, patent renewal is the only indicator revealing whether commercialization is successful or not. Forward citations have a weak relationship with both commercialization and successful innovation, which may reflect the fact that citations are outside the control of the patentees. Although the correlations of the patent value indicators with technological innovation are noisy, this study provides stronger empirical support for the true relative value of different indicators with respect to innovation.
Journal of Data and Information Science, 2017
Purpose First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature (scientific non-patent references, SNPRs). Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science a...
2012
Since Schumpeter's seminal work on economic development (Schumpeter 1934), innovation is considered as one of the main drivers of firm performance and economic growth. At the same time, technological innovations vary considerably in terms of impact with only a minority of new inventions contributing significantly to economic growth. More recently a number of indicators derived from patent documents have been advanced to capture the nature and impact of technological inventions. Within this paper, we compare and validate these indicators within the field of biotechnology. An extensive analysis of the recent history of biotechnology allows us to identify the most important inventions (n=308) that shaped the field of biotechnology for the time period 1976-2001. A considerable number of these inventions have been patented between 1976 and 2001 (n= 215; 70%). For all USPTO biotech patents filed between 1976 and 2001 (n= 84,119) relevant indicators have been calculated. Within a next step, we assess which indicators allow to distinguish between most important patented inventions and their less influential counterparts by means of logistic regression models. Our findings reveal that the use of multiple, complementary, indicators provides the most comprehensive picture. In addition, it becomes clear that ex post indicators reflecting impact and value outperform ex ante indicators reflecting the nature and novelty of the invention in terms of precision and recall.