On the issue of human coping strategies (original) (raw)
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Coping Mechanism: A Theoretical Perspective
Stress is persistent everywhere irrespective of countries, states, industries, and organizations, with such an existence of stress the ways of dealing with stress also becomes important. In today's progressive environment little amount of stress is present in every role. It is depending on the individual's how they cope with the stress. The efficiency of dealing with the stress is totally be contingent on the stress level conflict and the capabilities of individual and their surrounding environment depend on the situations, psychosomatic managing machineries are usually labelled as the coping mechanisms. It has become significantly important to deal with the stress that occurred as a result of role by gaining the knowledge, awareness, and information regarding strategies which help in coping with the stress at work, these strategies are called coping strategies of stress. Strategies for coping with the stress are broadly classified in to two categories namely, effective coping strategies and the ineffective coping strategies. This paper explains the evolution of coping mechanism over the years, with the theoretical developments in the field of coping mechanism. Literature review suggested that mostly people are aware of the presence of stress, hence the more proper awareness regarding the presence of stress in the personal as well as in professional arena should be communicated to the employees in order to deal with the stress.
Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach
Journal of personality and …, 1989
We developed a muRidimensional coping inventory to assess the different ways in which people respond to stress. Five scales (of four items each) measure conceptually distinct aspects of problemfocused coping (active coping, planning, suppression of competing activities, restraint coping, seeking of instrumental social support); five scales measure aspects of what might be viewed as emotionfocused coping (seeking of emotional social support, positive reinterpretation, acceptance, denial, turning to religion); and three scales measure coping responses that arguably are less useful (focus on and venting of emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement). Study 1 reports the development of scale items. Study 2 reports correlations between the various coping scales and several theoretically relevant personality measures in an effort to provide preliminary information about the inventory's convergent and discriminant validity, Study 3 uses the inventory to assess coping responses among a group of undergraduates who were attempting to cope with a specific stressful episode. This study also allowed an initial examination of associations between dispositional and situational coping tendencies.
Coping with the coping concept: A brief comment
Pain, 1988
Coping' as a concept has achieved wide modem usage both in common parlance and also in the psychological literature. To those of us in clinical practice, there is something very attractive about using the idea of 'coping' in formulation and in treatment. It provides a psychological construct that includes behavioral and cognitive events, permits a prescription for learning by the patient, and helps to distinguish successful from unsuccessful patients. For example, much of the 'coping' literature notes that subjects and patients have poor tolerance to pain if they are 'catastrophizers' (i.e., individuals who seem to exaggerate the significance of a 'stressor' for themselves). Yet, the concept of 'coping' still needs some fundamental clarification. Close to 3 decades of research has led to little unanimity regarding what constitutes 'coping,' how to identify or measure it. The form of the measures and research methodologies have not changed greatly since 'coping' research began, and major advances have been few, raising the possibility that the concept may have reached its heuristic limit. We appeal to the concept of 'coping' in our clinical experience in which we encounter individuals who transform calamities into opportunities for growth, while we encounter others who transform everyday 'hassles' into overwhelming adversities. However, it is impossible to consistently demonstrate differences in 'coping strategies' that would characterize both
COPING STRATEGIES: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY
irscpublishing.com
The present study aims to study coping strategies of students between Sistan and Baluchestan University (Iran) and Aligarh Muslim University (India).
Coping and defence mechanisms What are we assessing
T he present research study addresses the disparity between theoretical considerations and empirical evidence regarding the relationships between coping strategies and defence mechanisms. Self-reported measures of coping and defences were administered to a Romanian adult sample (N = 542; 74.53% female, mean age = 31.28). Using structural equation modelling, models that assumed independence between coping and defences were compared with models that assumed the existence of relationships between the two concepts. Findings identified strong relationships between coping and defences, indicating large common variance between the two concepts. Furthermore, results suggested that coping and defences can be classified into two independent types of adaptation processes. Results of this research study suggested that coping and defences are facets of common adaptation processes.
A factor analytically derived measure of coping: The Coping Strategy Indicator.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990
Three stages of factor-analytic investigation aimed at uncovering general strategies that underlie the myriad specific coping responses to stress. Each stage utilized a separate, large, heterogeneous sample, yet analyses consistently revealed three fundamental strategies: Problem Solving, Seeking Social Support, and Avoidance. Over the course of studies, a short, self-report questionnaire evolved that indicates the extent to which each of the strategies has been employed in a recent stressful event. A fourth stage of study, focusing on the instrument's psychometric properties, revealed orthogonality of scales and good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. Advantages over existing measures, as well as potential problems in the instrument, are discussed.
EFFECT OF COPING STRATEGIES (IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences )
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, 2018
HIV is a life-threatening disease that once make a person infected, continues to attack the immune system of a person and makes it weak even to such an extent that person does not remain as capable as to fight against even an ordinary diseases. This study aims to understand the relationship between ways of coping processes and social stigma among 159 persons having HIV who were diagnosed before six months. As a screening test, General Health Questionnaire was administered. After that, Ways of Coping Questionnaire and Social Stigma were administered to measure ways of coping processes and social stigma of the persons. Descriptive Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were applied for the statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis of the data showed that there was significant negative correlation between Distancing and Social Stigma (r=-0.17), Positive Reappraisal and Social Stigma (r=-0.24), Planful Problem Solving and Social Stigma (r=-0.23). Keywords: coping strategies, social stigma, persons diagnosed with HIV
Lately, and even now, the study of adaptive psychological processes, psychological defense mechanisms and coping mechanisms, was made from different theoretical and methodological perspectives. This is also evident in terms of the number of assessment instruments for psychological defense mechanisms and coping mechanisms, most assessment instruments for psychological defense being developed for psychological defense mechanisms. Despite the diversity and the considerable number, assessment instruments for psychological defense mechanisms and coping mechanisms have a number of limitations. The limitations of the assessment instruments for psychological defense mechanisms and coping mechanisms are determined by: the particularities of these psychological processes, primarily by their predominant unconscious character; the diversity and complexity of adaptive psychological processes of the human subject; the difficulty of capturing in good time the observable and measurable indicators of functioning of the defense mechanisms and coping mechanisms. Other limitations of psychological instruments for assessing psychological defense mechanisms and coping mechanisms are determined by the type and the particular methodological instruments used for this purpose.