Role of macrophytes in heavy metal removal through rhizo-filtration in aquatic ecosystem (original) (raw)
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The phytoextraction capacity of five aquatic macrophytes (Eichhorniacrassipes,Hydrillaverticellata Pistia stratioties, Salviniamolesta and Lagenandra toxicaria) with respect to heavy metals like Ni, As, Zn, Cr and Fe were studied. It was done to study the plants capacity comparatively using monometallic system. Inorder to assess the biochemical response of the studied plants to heavy metal stress, metabolites like total carbohydrates, total soluble protein, tannin, total carotenoids, alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids, saponin and phenol were quantitatively estimated before and after treatment. With regard to Ni, As and Fe sample II showed maximum absorption and least by sample V. Zn absorption is greatest in plant sample II and least in sample I. As with Cr plant sample IV showed maximum absorption and least by sample I. The most significant biochemical change observed is the substantial increase in quantity of total carbohydrate, total soluble protein, total carotenoids, saponin and phenol content of the treated plants. Similarly there is a substantial reduction in metabolites like tannin, alkaloids, flavanoids and terpenoids after treatment. The studied macrophytes proved to the useful in the uptake of heavy metals in the monometallic system and showed great of potential for further applications in the industrial and waste water treatments.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Two Aquatic Macrophytes: a Field Study
2010
In order to assess the potential of two autochthonous plant species of Argentina as bioindicator and/or fitoremediator of metals, the accumulation of zinc, copper, cadmium and mercury in Schoenoplectus californicus and Ricciocarpus natans was studied. Total and labile contents of surface (SS) and near root sediments (NRS) were analyzed. Labile contents in NRS were lower than in SS, which was associated to the presence of S. californicus. Copper and zinc were positively correlated with total organic matter (TOM) whereas cadmium was not, suggesting low affinity of Cd to TOM. S. californicus presented the same pattern of distribution of those found in sediments (Zn > Cu > Cd). Bioaccumulation factors were close to (cadmium) or higher (zinc) than 1, while it was not conclusive for copper, revealing the S. californicus behaviour as an accumulator for zinc and indicator for cadmium. R. natans presented the highest metal levels among all studied matrix, with the presence of mercury. These findings showed the capacity of both S. californicus and R. natans to accumulate and remove heavy metals from sediments and water, which might be useful for phytoremediation programs
Toxicity, Accumulation, and Removal of Heavy Metals by Three Aquatic Macrophytes
International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2012
A comprehensive understanding of the uptake, tolerance, and transport of heavy metals by plants will be essential for the development of phytoremediation technologies. In the present paper, we investigated accumulation, tissue and intracellular localization, and toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in three aquatic macrophytes (the angiosperms Lemna minor and Elodea canadensis, and the moss Leptodictyum riparium). We also tested and compared their capacity to absorb heavy metal from water under laboratory conditions. Our data showed that all the three species examined could be considered good bioaccumulators for the heavy metals tested. L. riparium was the most resistant species and the most effective in accumulating Cu, Zn, and Pb, whereas L. minor was the most effective in accumulating Cd. Cd was the most toxic metal, followed by Pb, Cu, and Zn. At the ultrastructural level, sublethal concentrations of the heavy metals tested caused induced cell plasmolysis and alterations of the chloroplast arrangement. Heavy metal removal experiments revealed that the three macrophytes showed excellent performance in removing the selected metals from the solutions in which they are maintained, thus suggesting that they could be considered good candidates for wastewaters remediation purpose.
NATURAL MEANS OF TREATMENT OF WASTEWATERS CONTAINING HEAVY METALS -USE OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
2011
Heavy metals are some of environmental pollutants and are toxic even at very low concentrations. Domestic and industrial discharges are probably the two most important sources for heavy metals in the water environment. World is still facing problems of heavy metal discharges into natural ecosystems by factories and household without any prior treatment. The toxic heavy metals are entering the food chain through drinking water, agriculture and fisheries activities and therefore endangering human life. The general objective of this study is to investigate on the major mechanisms responsible for heavy metal removal from the water phase by macrophyte plants. Results, obtained by different authors on the accumulation of heavy metals in plants and the screening of effective metal-accumulating plants under laboratory and field conditions, have been analysed and generalized with the intention of assessing the potential of phytoremediation as an emerging technology for the purification of wastewater contaminated by heavy metals. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been used in the remediation process of chromium ions in the present work because this plant has elaborated much roots system providing more binding sites for Cr6+. The mechanisms for fixation of Cr6+ by macrophytes plants had been reported. The investigation had been conducted using different literatures about heavy metals commonly found in polluted industrial wastewater. Measurements have been carried out using spectrophotometric method. Trace metal remaining in water sample was studied. It has been found that the Eichhornia crassipes had phytoextracted 1.8mg/L (about 40%) from an initial concentration of 3mg/L within a period of one week, which indicated its potential in heavy metal removal from wastewater. Naturally wastewater contaminated with heavy metals may be treated at large scale using macrophytes especially in industrial regions.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
In the present study, the concentrations of trace and alkali metals in leaves of four common helophytes, Sparganium erectum, Glyceria maxima, Phalaris arundinacea, and Phragmites australis, as well as in corresponding water and bottom sediments were investigated to ascertain plant bioaccumulation ability. Results showed that Mn and Fe were the most abundant trace metals in all plant species, while Co and Pb contents were the lowest. Leaves of species studied differed significantly in respect of element concentrations. The highest concentrations of Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Ni were noted in S. erectum while the highest contents of Co, Ca, Zn, and Cr in Phalaris arundinacea. Phragmites australis contained the lowest amounts of most elements. Concentrations of Co, Cr, Fe, and Mn in all species studied and Ni in all except for Phragmites australis were higher than natural for hydrophytes. The leaves/sediment ratio was more than unity for all alkali metals as well as for Cu and Mn in Phragmites australis; Cr, Co, and Zn in Phalaris arundinacea; Cr and Mn in S. erectum; and Cr in G. maxima. High enrichment factors and high levels of toxic metals in the species studied indicated a special ability of these plants to absorb and store certain non-essential metals and, consequently, their potential for phytoremediation of contaminated aquatic ecosystems.
Metals Concentration and Accumulation in Several Aquatic Macrophytes
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2012
Aquatic macrophytes can be used in the studies of water ecosystems quality and in monitoring of metals and other pollutants. This study was focused on assessment of metals accumulation in certain aquatic macrophytes (biomonitors), in relation to metal concentration in water and sediment (abiotic monitors) of the lake.
Increasing urbanization, industrialization, over population and habitat modification are leading causes of environmental deprivation and pollution. Heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, as etc. are one of the most toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living things. The prevailing purification technologies used for removal of contaminants from wastewater are not only very costly but causes negative impact on ecosystem subsequently. Phytoremediation, an eco-friendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically feasible is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. This technology involves efficient use of plants including aquatic plants to detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. Aquatic plants are already being used in waste water treatment since long. Thus, this paper reviews the current state of phytoremediation technique based on aquatic plants as an innovative technology and to discuss its usefulness and potential ...
Increasing urbanization, industrialization, over population and habitat modification are leading causes of environmental deprivation and pollution. Heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, as etc. are one of the most toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living things. The prevailing purification technologies used for removal of contaminants from wastewater are not only very costly but causes negative impact on ecosystem subsequently. Phytoremediation, an eco-friendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically feasible is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. This technology involves efficient use of plants including aquatic plants to detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. Aquatic plants are already being used in waste water treatment since long. Thus, this paper reviews the current state of phytoremediation technique based on aquatic plants as an innovative technology and to discuss its usefulness and potential in the waste water remediation.3
Phytoremediation of heavy metals by Eichhornia crassipes
The Environmentalist, 2007
Eichhornia crassipes was tested for its ability to bioconcentrate 8 toxic metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) commonly found in wastewater from industries. Young plants of equal size were grown hydroponically and amended with 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mM of each heavy metal individually for 21 days. The test plant had the lowest and the highest tolerance indices for Hg and Zn, respectively. A significant (P ≤ .05) reduction in biomass production was observed in metal treated plants compared with the control. All strace elements accumulated to higher concentrations in roots than in shoots. Trace element concentrations in tissues and the bioconcentration factors (BCF) were proportional to the initial concentration of individual metal in the growth medium and the duration of exposure. From a phytoremediation perspective, E. crassipes is a promising plant species for remediation of natural water bodies and/or wastewater polluted with low levels of Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag and Ni.