The COVID-19 Pandemic, a Risk Management Approach (original) (raw)
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Risk Management Challenges in the COVID-19 Pandemic
2020
Even before the current pandemic, humanity was faced with numerous situations that had serious global consequences. In addition to wars, nuclear radiation, cataclysmic earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, epidemics of SARS, swine flu, MERS, HIV, Ebola, Zika virus, they led to the cognition that humanity is powerless in the face of such disasters. Regardless of the achievements and development of science and technology, extensive and longlasting medical research, "invisible" enemies have taken millions of human lives. People have always been faced with a risk, which comes from nature, human activities, or the mistakes of the man himself. Risk is a multidimensional, multifaceted and complex phenomenon, present on a daily basis in human life. Risk management in a state of the pandemic is primarily aimed at preserving the health and lives of the entire population, and measures applied to prevent a pandemic from taking countless human lives have no alternative.
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ALGERIAN JOURNAL OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (AJSS), Vol.5, Issue 3, September-2020|ISSN:2543-3792-EISSN: 2676-1548, 2020
Mitigation of the major risk caused by the Coronavirus epidemic must be approached in a scientific manner by using methods and tools of risk analysis and management. In order to develop an effective strategy, emergency plan based on these methods for minimizing human losses whatever the scenario that may arise in the future may be established.
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The routine approach used in risk management is based on the scheme that within the prevention period an organisation or a state prepares for the expected risks and once the risks occur, resources and internal procedures are implemented to mitigate their negative consequences. The objective of the paper is to analyse risk management and its constraints, its application in COVID-19 period and based on it provide mitigating strategies for specific problems/risks related to COVID-19. The research methods related to the topics are: (a) study of books, newspapers and other internet resources and (b) interviews with COVID-19 managers at district and regional level in the north of Slovakia. The proposals for mitigation strategies are based on the basic assumption relevant for COVID-19 that there are risks with unknown probability and unknown consequences. Therefore, the mitigation strategies are adapted to the current situation, which includes lack of data and know-how, lack of experience,...
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The COVID-19 pandemic: how can risk science help?
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This paper reflects on how risk science, with its concepts, principles, approaches, methods and models, can support the actual assessments, communication and handling of the vulnerabilities and risks related to the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. We highlight the importance of acknowledging uncertainty as a main component of risk, in order to properly characterize and communicate risk, as well as to understand the difference between professional risk judgements and risk perception. We challenge the use of the commonly referred to phrase that the policies adopted are science-based, in a situation like this characterized by fundamental uncertainties about the underlying phenomena and the effects of possible interventions. Arguments are provided for a 'balanced' use of precaution, combined with adaptive management and learning.
RESPONSE STRATEGIES TO COVID-19 CASES OR OUTBREAK AND MANAGEMENT
Ifemed Journal, 2022
As of 3rd June 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) reports 528,816,317 confirmed cases and 6,294,969 deaths since the onset of the pandemic.1 Although these numbers are declining due to the introduction of various vaccines and prevention strategies, the health care system of every economy is still bearing the brunt of this global health crisis. The worldwide pandemic followed and originated in Wuhan, China, in 2019(4). (4) WHO later renamed SARS CoV-2 to Covid 19 virus in February 2022 when the numerous strains emerged as communicable and highly pathogenic in humans. (2) Although a member of the Coronavirus family caused a global pandemic in 2020, the discovery of this group of viruses dates back to the 1960s. (1) The start of the 21st century came with the emergence of the two notable coronaviruses; Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS- CoV).(2) Coronavirus was formerly believed to be a benign infection that was thought to cause mild disease in immunocompetent humans.(3) This was until 2002 and 2003 in Guangdong province, China, when there was an outbreak of SARS-CoV.(3) Ten years after the SARS-CoV outbreak, there was a widespread infection of MERS-CoV ravaging especially middle eastern countries. Although human pathogenic corona virus strains have an established zoonotic origin (6), no research has proven a specific animal as its first source. (2) However, many studies show considerable evidence that the origins of the Coronavirus have a strong link to bats. Even though the aforementioned syndromes affect the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems predominantly, their pathophysiology follows different courses. The receptors they bind to are one of the many notable differences in their pathophysiology. (7) The virus's acute and rapidly fatal progression made it of great concern worldwide. (8) The progressively rising rate of infection made its relative risk quite significant. (6) Its ability to spread between species and cause different disease manifestations also made it particularly challenging to control under a limited time. (9) This is alongside the active mutations resulting in various highly pathogenic strains (10) one of which is the novel omicron variant. By far of all these factors, the rapid human to human transmission warranted a global state of emergency to have the pandemic contained. The disease burden put a huge strain on the health care system globally. While most high-income countries immediately invested in establishing prevention and management strategies, the resources were sorely lacking in low -income countries. is highlighted the deficiency of the health care system in third world countries as there was a large dependence on international donations. This review focuses on the response strategies available for a coronavirus outbreak. We also explore the preventive and management options currently available.
COVID – 19: Basis for United Future Global Response to a Pandemic
The Impact Of COVID19 On The International Education System, 2020
This chapter focuses on the link between humans – animal interaction and emergence of global pandemics. Influenza virus to which humans have no immunity, has potential to cause a pandemic when it acquires the ability to cause sustained human to human transmission which lead to community wide outbreaks. Transmissibility and severity are the two most critical factors that determine the effect of an epidemic. In the history of pandemics, neither the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus ([H1N1]pdm09) pandemic or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS – COV) or the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS – CoV) epidemics, had the combination of both high transmissibility and severity, like COVID – 19, hence it has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). It is clear COVID – 19 pandemic is an unprecedented danger which does not differentiate on any basis be it borders, ethnicities, disability status, age or gender. This justifi...
Managing the Risks of COVID-19
Critical Reflections: A Student Journal on Contemporary Sociological Issues, 2021
Society is now, more than ever, surrounded by uncertainty and risk. The COVID-19 pandemic is an issue that contemporary society has not experienced which means we are confronted with risk. Risk is created by the uncertainty concerning future events that may occur (Beck, 2009). This essay will explore the coronavirus pandemic in relation to the concept of risk society, investigating whether the pandemic is a typical result of living in a risk society, looking at responses to risk, and considering how the rise in individualisation affects the impact the pandemic has had on society.
International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 2021
COVID-19 has been a global issue since its first case in November 2019. In March 2020, an increase in the statistics of this pandemic occurred worldwide. The direct exposures, such as human resource loss, and the indirect exposures, such as the systemic loss, have affected the individuals and the companies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identified loss exposures could be measured using several methods to implement suitable actions for the management of the identified risks. However, it has been indicated from the analysis that a minimum of five months is required for it to be solved. Therefore, the losses due to COVID-19 could be managed using three different risk management techniques, including the risk control techniques, which do not involve money and risk financing techniques. Meanwhile, the alternative risk transfer under the aforementioned techniques involves the investment in capital. Notably, these techniques must be performed by three distinct parties: the individuals, ...
Covid-19 has made its unexpected entrance into the world some time in late 2019 causing much fear, economic disasters, suffering and fatalities throughout the world. This paper suggests a more aggressive intervention and strategy, for humanity should not let themselves be sitting ducks waiting for the virus to attack, and some possible methods for stopping Covid-19 in its path. (Expanded & Updated)