Physiological Study on Jerusalem Artichoke Plants (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) Under Two Types of Soils (original) (raw)
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Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2012
A morphophysiological characterization of 19 accessions within an artichoke germplasm collection was conducted with the aim of determining genetic variability and to select materials suitable for in natura consumption to be used in genetic breeding. The collection was composed of commercial accessions, materials collected in South Brazil, and of foreign origin. Twenty quantitative, five multicategorical and two binary traits were evaluated. Quantitative data were submitted to a multivariate analysis. Genetic variability was observed for almost all characteristics. The traits with the greatest relative contribution to genetic divergence, which accounted for 79.54% of the variability, were as follows: the thickness and diameter bottom, bottom fresh mass/head fresh mass ratio, external bract length, bracts base, leaves and primary head height and plant diameter, primary head diameter and bracts base thickness. A cluster analysis revealed four groups. Group I aggregated the accessions with characteristics for fresh consumption. The best accessions were Romanesco 1, Green Globe, and Improved Green Globe, all of which exhibited plants with a greater fresh mass, larger primary head diameter, greater fresh mass and bottom diameter, circular head shape, no thorns, round head tip and desired color, that are important traits for selection of superior genotypes for in natura consumption.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae, 2017
Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant, which originates from North America. Tubers are characterised by high nutritional and energy values and can therefore be a source of food for humans and animals. The interest in tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L. in the diet of man is primarily due to the content of inulin and fructooligosaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in them. In addition, it is a plant that is not demanding in agrotechnical conditions. Hence, the interest in cultivation this plant has increased. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of biochar on the average yield of tubers and some morphological characteristics of plants. The study was conducted in conditions of a field experiment in 2016 at the Experimental Station of the University of Agriculture in Kraków. Two varieties: ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’, were grown in the experiment with different fertilisation variants. Biochar from the coniferous wood industry and mineral fertilisers were...
2018
The sewage treatment process is inherently associated with formation of sewage sludge, which has to be managed properly due to its properties. The paper presents a possibility of application of sewage sludge in the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke as an energy crop. The experiment consisted in single application of sewage sludge pads with varied thickness under the sod-humic horizon of silty fallow soil. Physicochemical and chemical analyses of the sewage sludge and soil treated with the pads were carried out in accordance with legal guidelines. The results of the experiment were compared with the control, i.e. an object without the application of the sewage sludge pad. The paper presents the effect of the addition of sewage sludge on the yield and energy parameters (moisture and ash content, HHV, LHV) in the aboveground biomass of Jerusalem artichoke. The content of moisture and ash as well as HHV and LHV, i.e. biofuel parameters, were determined in accordance with Polish Standards. It was found that the yield of aboveground biomass of Jerusalem artichoke increased with the thickness of the sewage sludge pads and the yield potential of this plant increased with years. Additionally, the aboveground Jerusalem artichoke biomass was characterized by generally favorable energy parameters of biofuels, e.g. low moisture or ash content. The investigations have demonstrated that the application of sewage sludge can be a good alternative to mineral fertilization of energy crops.