Fibre and Seed Productivity of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties under Mediterranean Conditions (original) (raw)
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Agronomy of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Europe
Industrial Crops and Products, 2000
Fibre hemp may yield up to 25 t above ground dry matter per hectare (20 t stem dry matter ha − 1 ) which may contain as much as 12 t ha − 1 cellulose, depending on environmental conditions and agronomy. Its performance is affected by the onset of flowering and seed development. Effects of cultivar and management on yield and quality were tested at three contrasting sites in Italy, the Netherlands and the UK in three years, making use of standardised protocols for experimental design and research methodology. Highest yields (up to 22.5 t dry matter ha − 1 ) were obtained in Italy when later cultivars were used. Attainable yields proved slightly lower in the Netherlands and much lower in the UK. The quality of the cellulose was relatively stable over the growing season, but lignification may proceed rapidly some time after flowering. Crop development was very rapid and crops maintained green leaf area for a long time, thus radiation interception was considerable. The radiation use efficiency changed during development. It was lower after flowering (about 1.0 g MJ − 1 PAR) than before (about 2.2 g MJ − 1 PAR). Growing earlier cultivars to obtain some seed set advanced the reduction in radiation use efficiency. Nitrogen proved to affect yield only slightly. A relatively small amount of fertiliser will be adequate to cover the crop's needs. Plant density declined during growth in a site-specific manner when it was high initially. Very low plant densities may not show this self-thinning but reduced yield and (especially) quality. Final plant densities were proven to depend more on initial plant stands than expected from literature. This was true at all three contrasting sites and in the different years. Nitrogen and plant density hardly interacted within one site. Results suggest that hemp can yield large quantities of useful cellulose when ecologically adapted cultivars are sown in proper plant densities. The cultivation is environmentally friendly with little harmful accumulation or emission of chemical inputs. More research on ideotyping is required and breeding efforts should be broadened.
Industrial Hemp Varieties Productivity Potential in the Latvian Climatic Conditions
ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference
Varieties grown for fibre-only will be established, managed and harvested differently than varieties grown for seeds or dual-purpose. The aim was analysed yield productivity and length of vegetation period dependency of the two types of hemp variety and identified perspective hemp variety for highest yield under different meteorological conditions in Latvia. Varieties/line from diverse European and Latvian origin (seed hemp varieties/ line 'Adzelvieši', 'Pūriņi', KA-2-2011, 'Finola', 'Henola' and fibre hemp varieties 'USO 31', 'Futura 75', 'Austa') were sown in randomized field experiments in Latvia. Biomass, stem, seed yield, fibre contents and vegetation period length were assessed across tree growing seasons from 2020 to 2022. Results show that hemp, seeds and fibre varieties/line, performed well giving high yield productivity between variety. Agrometeorological conditions for hemp growth and yield were favourable in 2022. I...
Comunicata Scientiae, 2020
Under the effects of climate change new drought tolerant crops are imperative to introduce in irrigated agricultural areas of Mediterranean countries. In this sense, hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) represents an alternative in many semi-arid agricultural areas of Mediterranean basin because of its low water requirements and cost effectiveness when it is developed under non controlled conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential yield of five new hemp varieties (Sara, Pilar, Aida, Theresa, and Juani) cultivated under high tunnel conditions in a semi-arid Mediterranean area, and also to study the effect of plant density on active biomass production and cannabinoids biosynthesis (cannabidiol, CBD and cannabigerol, CBG) at different plant positions. The trial was conducted under plastic macro-tunnels during two seasons (2014 and 2015), from May to October. The agronomic response and the chemical profiles of the studied varieties were evaluated at the end of each season. Moreover, it was monitored the differentiation in terms of active biomass production and cannabinoids biosynthesis in different plant organ positions (at upper, medium, and lower). Additionally, during the second season, three different plant densities (PD 1 , 9,777; PD 2 , 7,333; and PD 3 , 5,866 plants• ha-1) were tested in order to define the the best of them for maximizing CBD and CBG productions. The findings highlighted significant differences in yield between cultivars within the CBD and CBG. Moreover, plant density was a determinant factor related to active biomass production and cannabinoids contents, PD 3 representing a suitable strategy to maximize the cannabinoids production minimizing the requirements of rooted apical cuttings. These results allowed concluding that these new hemp cultivars together with the adopted agronomic practices in this experience would be very appropriate for CBD and CBG productions, being determinant to consider the plant density and the cultivar for both studied chemotypes.
In the present study two experiments, namely, (i) the adaptation and productivity of different hempgenotypes, both monoecious and dioecious, developed in Central-Northern and Southern Europe, and (ii)the water consumption, water use efficiency (WUE), radiation use efficiency (RUE), leaf transpiration andnet photosynthesis of Futura 75 hemp cultivar were studied. Experiments were carried out in SouthernItaly in two subsequent year periods. Sowing occurred in May in both years.Results show that fibre hemp, both monoecious and dioecious, performed well giving high productivity;however, fibre hemp needs almost 250 mm of water for monoecious early genotypes and 450 mm fordioecious late genotypes. Higher biomass and stem dry yields were achieved with genotypes developedfor Central-Southern environments, such as the dioecious Dioica 88 and Fibranova.In order to estimate the water consumption and WUE of Futura 75, four water regimes (I3, I2, I1and I0corresponding respectively to 100%, 50%, 25% ETm restoration and irrigation until crop establishment)were tested.Futura 75 was strongly affected by water shortage and the WUE ranged between 2.73 g l−1in goodwater conditions and 3.45 g l−1in water stress conditions. The highest light extinction coefficient (k) wasobserved in water stressed (0.58) than in good watered conditions (0.40). The water stress reduced RUE,LAI and therefore aboveground biomass yield.Air temperature strongly influenced net photosynthesis with an optimum at 24◦C; higher and lowervalues of air temperature led to a decrease of net photosynthesis.
Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference
The investigation on hemp fibre quantity and quality as influenced by genotype and seed rate was carried out at the Upytė Experimental Station Lithuanian of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2014. Bi-factorial trial was carried out: Factor A – variety (A1 – USO 31; A2 – Bialobrzeskie); Factor B – sowing rate (B1 – 45 kg ha-1; B2 – 70 kg ha-1). Data showed that variety (genotype) had a significant influence on fibre content (after dew-retting as well after water-retting) – it was higher for variety Bialobrzeskie and amounted to 37.2 and 34.5%, respectively. Seed rate (or crop density) did not show significant influence neither on fibre content nor on fibre quality (flexibility, strength) parameters.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 2015
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was used for textile and cordage more than 4000 years. The cultivation of industrial hemp declined in the 19th century but it remains one of the oldest crops in history. Despite of the decline, nowadays interest for this crop has recently been renewed within various European countries (Roman et al., 2012). The aim of the research is to observe the evolution of production values and physical parameters (MMB-grain) under the influence of different seeding space and organic fertilization level recorded in some hemp varieties approved in Romania, with a low level of THC.
Agronomy
Given the growing interest in multipurpose hemp crop, eight monoecious cultivars were compared in a two-year trial for quantitative and qualitative yield in a Mediterranean environment characterized by a temperate and humid climate with hot summers. All hemp cultivars were evaluated for yield potential of (i) seed plus stem at seed maturity, and (ii) essential oil yield from inflorescences harvested at full flowering. The second goal was set to test the ability of cultivars to supply new seeds after the removal of inflorescence at full flowering. Among the cultivars, Fedora obtained the best results for seed (0.79 and 0.52 t ha−1) and vegetable oil yield (0.17 and 0.09 t ha−1) normally and with inflorescence removed plants, respectively. Futura, conversely, showed the best results for inflorescence (3.0 t ha−1), essential oil (9 L ha−1), and stem yield at seed maturity (8.34 t ha−1), as means across the two years. The cultivars studied generally reached the grain-filling stage durin...
Herba Polonica
Summary Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) attracts increasing interest of growers, in relation to both industrial and medical purposes. Construction is the most promising area of the economy for hemp, and specifically, the fast-growing production of insulation and bio-composite materials. The most significant factors affecting the final yield of hemp seeds and biomass include: climatic factors, i.e. influence of weather conditions that determines the content of cannabinoids in plants; genetic predisposition of the variety used as well as agrotechnical factors. The article provides information on the botanical characteristics of fiber hemp, hemp cultivation area, Polish monoecious varieties of industrial hemp, hemp's agricultural requirements, including: the demand for macroelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium); choice of soil, pioneer crop, and field preparation; sowing timing and density; harvest time; water conditions; heat and light requirements for hemp. The...
Response of hemp to plant population and nitrogen fertilisation
BACKGROUND. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) used to be a traditional industrial crop in many regions of Europe and of the World. After many years of aban-don the crisis of agriculture and the need for natur-al raw materials cast a renewed interest over this crop. In the frame of the EU project "HEMP", field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of agronomic factors over yield and fibre quality. METHODS. The effects of plant density (from 30 to 250 plants m -2) and available nitrogen (100, 160, and 220 kg ha -1) on fibre hemp were studied at Cadriano (BO) over three years 1996 -1998. These two factors were studied on different genotypes, sowing and har-vest times. Significant results for major crop para-meters are reported. RESULTS. Results confirmed that optimal production is obtained with a plant density of 90-100 plants m -2 . The weight of a single plant decreased exponential-ly as plant density increased. The same trend was ob-served in different years and with...