Anthropology of Memory of Rural Women of Zhytomyr Region About Post-War Everyday Life (original) (raw)

Women’s Practices of Everyday Life in the Conditions of the Ukrainian Village in the First Years of Post-War Reconstruction (1944-1947)

Eminak

The purpose of article is to use the example of Zhytomyr Oblast and describe the daily survival practices of women collective farmers in the conditions of the reconstruction of the collective farm system and the famine of 1946-1947 and the peculiarities of their perception of those transformational processes, which they were witnesses and participants of. Scientific novelty. The topic of everyday life in the Ukrainian village in the period of late Stalinism is considered from the aspect of experience of Ukrainian collective farmers women for the first time in Ukrainian historiography. Conclusion. The core of the post-war reconstruction of the Ukrainian village was the restoration of the collective farm system. Given the changes in the demographic situation caused by the war and the German occupation of Ukrainian territories, women were the main mobilization resource for replenishing the ranks of collective farm workers. The memories of peasant women/peasants of Zhytomyr region provi...

“The Little Nothings Make Life as It Is” (Soviet Everyday Life in the Zinaida Lyikovi’s Diaries 1962—1963)

ISTORIYA

The paper is devoted to the study of the different aspects of Soviet everyday life represented in diary notes (1962—1963) of ordinary student Zinaida Lykova. She was born in 1945, lived in the suburbs of Cherepovetz, and during the mentioned period studied in the School of the Working Youth (Shkola Rabochey Molodezhi). The author approaches diary notes as a source for microhistory because of their capacity to unintentionally capture the moment of everyday life. Moreover, the person who writes the diary becomes a subject of everyday life history themselves. They not only capture the everyday reality, but also create and maintain it through the practices of writing. Descriptions of the Soviet ideology, relations with people, spare time practices, and everyday life are presented in Zinaida’s diaries. In there the strategies of the “weak” which becomes the source of the power could be observed: to hide which is not allowed, to improve yourself, to adapt, to search for hidden sources, to...

Village Women in 20th Century Russia: Three Generations of Change

Anthropology of East Europe Review, 2000

Research for this study began about ten years ago, and a book will appear this fall titled Village Mothers: Three Generations a/Change in Russia and Tataria (Indiana University Press, 2000). The first two chapters of the book trace the entry of Western medical discourse on reproduction into Russia from the eighteenth century onward and its transmittal to villages during the late imperial and Soviet periods. The remainder of the book follows the reception of the new ideas and practices by three generations of Russian and Tatar village women in the twentieth century. Their oral testimony was collected in 100 interviews conducted in the spring and summer of 1990 and summers of 1993 and 1994. The principal interview sites were in Novgorod, Smolensk, Moscow, Tambov, UI'ianovsk, and Sverdlovsk provinces. I did many of the interviews myself; Russian and Tatar collaborators conducted many others using my questionnaire. The chapters based on the oral interviews cover courtship and marriage, abortion and other means of birth limitation, birthing, baptism (and equivalent Muslim rites), coping with infant death, and early child care, including feeding, swaddling, and herbal and magical medical practices. What follows is an excerpt from the concluding chapter and constitutes a summary of the experience and stance of each of the three generations.

The Contemporary Situation and Preferences of the Ukrainian Rural Family

Eastern European Countryside, 2018

The authors discuss the main characteristics of women as farm operators using national sample studies conducted in 1994, 1999 and 2007. After an analysis of literature and various research results some hypotheses were formulated, i.e.: the better education of rural women than rural men, women as "unnatural" or "forced" farm operators due to various household circumstances, the "weaker" economic status of farms operated by women. Basic results of the studies carried out in 1994, 1999 and 2007 confirm the hypothesis about the weaker economic position of female operated farms. Moreover, women farm operators were slightly older and far better educated than their male counterparts. On the contrary, the males were more active off the farms in the public sphere. In addition, the circumstances of becoming farm operators did not differ significantly between males and females. Finally, there were no significant differences between "male" and "female" styles of farming.

Любавський Р. Г. Повсякденне життя робітників Харкова в 1920-1930-ті рр. Автореферат. - Х., 2014 / Lyubavsky R. G. Everyday life of Kharkiv workers in the 1920-1930-ies

The thesis presents a study of everyday cultural practices, strategies and tactics of workers' behaviour in Kharkiv in the 1920-1930ies. The process of indoctrination of new social and political ideals in the minds of proletarians is shown. Authorities' projects aimed at the "Sovietization" of basic structures of workers' everyday life are considered (living and working conditions, consumption and leisure). The degree of implementation of Bolsheviks' social initiatives is defined in this thesis. It is proved that the socialist reconstruction projects of life of Kharkiv workers were implemented only in general terms. The authors changed them greatly during the implementation. Workers themselves sought and found opportunities to adjust to the authorities' initiative to adapt to new conditions. Although the style of life of workers in Kharkiv cannot be called "Soviet", their everyday life was full of sovietized symbols and practices.