A Recent advances in nanoparticles as antibacterial agent (original) (raw)
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Antibiotics
Nanotechnology has become an emerging technology in the medical field and is widely applicable for various clinical applications. The potential use of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents is greatly explored and taken into consideration as alternative methods to overcome the challenges faced by healthcare workers and patients in preventing infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Among microorganisms, bacterial infections remain a major hurdle and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality globally, especially involving those with medical conditions and elderly populations. Over time, these groups are more vulnerable to developing resistance to antibiotics, as bacterial biofilms are difficult to destroy or eliminate via antibiotics; thus, treatment becomes unsuccessful or ineffective. Mostly, bacterial biofilms and other microbes can be found on medical devices and wounds where they disperse their contents which cause infections. To inhibit biofilm formations and overc...
Alternative Antimicrobial Approach: Nano-Antimicrobial Materials
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015
Despite numerous existing potent antibiotics and other antimicrobial means, bacterial infections are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the need to develop additional bactericidal means has significantly increased due to the growing concern regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and biofilm associated infections. Consequently, attention has been especially devoted to new and emerging nanoparticle-based materials in the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy. The present review discusses the activities of nanoparticles as an antimicrobial means, their mode of action, nanoparticle effect on drug-resistant bacteria, and the risks attendant on their use as antibacterial agents. Factors contributing to nanoparticle performance in the clinical setting, their unique properties, and mechanism of action as antibacterial agents are discussed in detail.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Therapies: An up-to-date Overview
Polymers
Despite the many advancements in the pharmaceutical and medical fields and the development of numerous antimicrobial drugs aimed to suppress and destroy pathogenic microorganisms, infectious diseases still represent a major health threat affecting millions of lives daily. In addition to the limitations of antimicrobial drugs associated with low transportation rate, water solubility, oral bioavailability and stability, inefficient drug targeting, considerable toxicity, and limited patient compliance, the major cause for their inefficiency is the antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms. In this context, the risk of a pre-antibiotic era is a real possibility. For this reason, the research focus has shifted toward the discovery and development of novel and alternative antimicrobial agents that could overcome the challenges associated with conventional drugs. Nanotechnology is a possible alternative, as there is significant evidence of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of nano...
A Minireview: Nanomaterial as Antimicrobial Agents
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The design, synthesis, and application of substances and gadgets whose size and shape have been designed at the nanoscale can be defined as nanotechnology. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used for the manufacture of multiple applications of different nanoscale materials, especially in diagnostic and therapeutic diseases. The size of nanoparticles is proportionate to biomolecules and microbial cell structures, and it provides a medium for fine-tuning interactions between nanomaterial-bacteria through appropriate surface modification. An antimicrobial agent is any substance of natural or synthetic origin that explicitly kills or inhibits the production of microorganisms, causing just a little or no harm to superior organisms. The production of biofilms is a highly complex process in which microbe cells transmute from planktonic to sessile growth modes. The formation of European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 7, Issue 11, 2020 4191 biofilms depends on the expres...
Role of Nanoparticles in Antimicrobial Resistance Modulation
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Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in treating a disease or condition. The pathogens are becoming multidrug resistant due to lavish and non-judicious use of antibiotic. Resistance in one bacterium is transferred to the neighboring bacteria, even while dying bacteria sends signals to other bacteria. The continued wide application or misuse of antibacterial medication has resulted in the emergence of multidrug bacteria which have risen to a remarkable level and are currently a grave matter of concern for medical practitioners dealing with contagious diseases [1]. The resistance to drugs requires the dispensing of raised doses of antibiotics, leading to raised drug toxicity [2]. The development of new antibiotics is long process with the involvement of estimated $1.2 billion USD for new commercial entry. In such situations, market analogues of existing therapeutics within economical and effective range are req...
Nanomaterials Aiming to Tackle Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Pharmaceutics, 2022
The global health of humans is seriously affected by the dramatic increases in the resistance patterns of antimicrobials against virulent bacteria. From the statements released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention about the world entering a post-antibiotic era, and forecasts about human mortality due to bacterial infection being increased compared to cancer, the current body of literature indicates that emerging tools such as nanoparticles can be used against lethal infections caused by bacteria. Furthermore, a different concept of nanomaterial-based methods can cope with the hindrance faced by common antimicrobials, such as resistance to antibiotics. The current review focuses on different approaches to inhibiting bacterial infection using nanoparticles and aiding in the fabrication of antimicrobial nanotherapeutics by emphasizing the functionality of nanomaterial surface design and fabrication for antimicrobial cargo.
Bacterial infections cause 300 million cases of severe illness each year worldwide. Rapidly accelerating drug resistance further exacerbates this threat to human health. While dispersed (planktonic) bacteria represent a therapeutic challenge, bacterial biofilms present major hurdles for both diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles have emerged recently as tools for fighting drug-resistant planktonic bacteria and biofilms. In this review, we present the use of nanoparticles as active antimicrobial agents and drug delivery vehicles for antibacterial therapeutics. We further focus on how surface functionality of nanomaterials can be used to target both planktonic bacteria and biofilms. PubMed Abstract | Free Full Text 2. Costerton JW, Cheng KJ, Geesey GG, et al.: Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1987; 41: 435-64. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 3. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP: Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 1999; 284(5418): 1318-22. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 4. Spellberg B, Powers JH, Brass EP, et al.: Trends in antimicrobial drug development: implications for the future. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38(9): 1279-86. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. De M, Ghosh PS, Rotello VM: Applications of Nanoparticles in Biology. Adv Mater. 2008; 20(22): 4225-41. Publisher Full Text 6. Davis ME, Chen ZG, Shin DM: Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008; 7(9): 771-82. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 7. Jiang Z, Le ND, Gupta A, et al.: Cell surface-based sensing with metallic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev. 2015; 44(13): 4264-74. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 8. Daniel MC, Astruc D: Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chem Rev. 2004; 104(1): 293-346. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 9. Falagas ME, Kasiakou SK: Colistin: the revival of polymyxins for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 40(9): 1333-41. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 10. Cui L, Iwamoto A, Lian JQ, et al.: Novel mechanism of antibiotic resistance originating in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006; 50(2): 428-38. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 11. Li XZ, Nikaido H: Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria. Drugs. 2004; 64(2): 159-204. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 12. Livermore DM: beta-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995; 8(4): 557-84. PubMed Abstract | Free Full Text 13. Davies J, Wright GD: Bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Trends Microbiol. 1997; 5(6): 234-40. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 14. Courvalin P: Vancomycin resistance in gram-positive cocci. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 42(Suppl 1): S25-34. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 15. Hajipour MJ, Fromm KM, Ashkarran AA, et al.: Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol. 2012; 30(10): 499-511. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 16. Miller KP, Wang L, Benicewicz BC, et al.: Inorganic nanoparticles engineered to attack bacteria. Chem Soc Rev. 2015; 44(21): 7787-807.
Overview on bacterial resistance and nanoparticles to overcome bacterial resistance
Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research
Microbial infections have been the leading cause of death throughout history. This was changed when antibiotics were discovered, causing an increase in life expectancy from 48 years to 72 years. However, this golden era might end very soon. Bacteria have evolved resistance against antibiotics using different pathways. Therefore, restrictive policies about using antibiotics should be implemented by the healthcare system to prevent the further spread of bacterial resistance. However, these policies might not be enough without discovering or synthesizing new antibiotics. Antibiotics synthesis or discovery is a lengthy, tedious multistage process. Moreover, the development of bacterial resistance against any newly developed antibiotics takes around 10 years. Therefore, there is a need to find another strategy to retain the current available antibiotics activity against microorganisms. Nanotechnology is a cutting-edge science that has been emerged few decades ago, it is concerned with producing fibers or particles in the nanometer scale. In literatures, nanoparticles were shown to improve the drug solubility, bioavailability, modify drug pharmacokinetics, increase drug stability, target drug into certain sites and moreover, were proven to overcome some developed resistance mechanisms against anticancer drug (e.g. Efflux mechanism). Recently, nanotechnology techniques have been applied to combat microbial infections and they were proven to be able to overcome the bacterial developing resistance mechanism. In this review, we are presenting a historical background of antibiotics and discussing some bacterial developed resistance mechanisms as well as stating different nanobased formulations that were developed and proved to be effectively potentiate the antibiotic activity against some resistant microorganisms .
Nanoparticles as potential new generation broad spectrum antimicrobial agents
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains to conventional antimicrobial agents has complicated and prolonged infection treatment and increased mortality risk globally. Furthermore, some of the conventional antimicrobial agents are unable to cross certain cell membranes thus, restricting treatment of intracellular pathogens. Therefore, the disease-causing-organisms tend to persist in these cells. However, the emergence of nanoparticle (NP) technology has come with the promising broad spectrum NP-antimicrobial agents due to their vast physiochemical and functionalization properties. In fact, NP-antimicrobial agents are able to unlock the restrictions experienced by conventional antimicrobial agents. This review discusses the status quo of NP-antimicrobial agents as potent broad spectrum antimicrobial agents, sterilization and wound healing agents, and sustained inhibitors of intracellular pathogens. Indeed, the perspective of developing potent NP-antimicrobial agents that carry multiple-functionality will revolutionize clinical medicine and play a significant role in alleviating disease burden.