A Practical Ideal Model for Responding to Active Shooter Incidents in Schools (original) (raw)
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Teachers' Perceptions of Their Ability to Respond to Active Shooter Incidents
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My sincere thanks and appreciation to Kenneth W. Douglas for the countless hours he spent editing this work. Without his assistance, this work would have been more difficult to accomplish. To my committee members, without their expertise and guidance this work would not have been completed. I would like to extend my deepest thanks to Dr. Mike Ward, chair of the committee, for his guidance, support and patience throughout this process. His expertise and professionalism have been an inspiration to me. I would like to thank Dr. Leslie Locke for her support through the literature review process and dissertation boot camps. Her enthusiasm and expertise made the journey much easier. To Dr. J. T. Johnson, thank you for lending your expertise in statistics to this project. You made the numbers come to life! Thank you for taking the time to explain what all the data meant and helping me realize how important it is. To Dr. David Lee, thank you for your willingness to serve on my committee. I appreciated your positive comments and encouragement. Special thanks to Robert L. Smith for his insight and expertise in school safety. You are the real deal and I appreciate all of your comments, suggestions, and support throughout this process. To my cousins Lyn and Troy Sorensen, thanks for the encouragement and support in finishing this project. To my friends, I extend my gratitude for constant support and encouragement throughout this process: Tracie Rose,
Teachers' perceptions of their ability to respond to an active shooter incident
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My sincere thanks and appreciation to Kenneth W. Douglas for the countless hours he spent editing this work. Without his assistance, this work would have been more difficult to accomplish. To my committee members, without their expertise and guidance this work would not have been completed. I would like to extend my deepest thanks to Dr. Mike Ward, chair of the committee, for his guidance, support and patience throughout this process. His expertise and professionalism have been an inspiration to me. I would like to thank Dr. Leslie Locke for her support through the literature review process and dissertation boot camps. Her enthusiasm and expertise made the journey much easier. To Dr. J. T. Johnson, thank you for lending your expertise in statistics to this project. You made the numbers come to life! Thank you for taking the time to explain what all the data meant and helping me realize how important it is. To Dr. David Lee, thank you for your willingness to serve on my committee. I appreciated your positive comments and encouragement. Special thanks to Robert L. Smith for his insight and expertise in school safety. You are the real deal and I appreciate all of your comments, suggestions, and support throughout this process. To my cousins Lyn and Troy Sorensen, thanks for the encouragement and support in finishing this project. To my friends, I extend my gratitude for constant support and encouragement throughout this process: Tracie Rose,
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 2019
On April 20, 1999, two active shooters attacked Columbine High School. This attack became a catalyst that changed the manner in which law enforcement prepared for similar attacks at schools and other locations. Departments across the United States developed and adopted active shooter response training protocols. To assist law enforcement with this work, training centers were created including the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) Center. ALERRT was formed in 2002 and was named the national standard in active shooter training by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2013. To date, ALERRT has trained more than 130,000 first responders from over 9,000 agencies in active shooter response. This commentary leverages our extensive expertise as directors of ALERRT. Specifically, we discuss how training protocols have evolved over the last two decades to include active shooter response teams, solo officer response, medical intervention training, integrated resp...
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Roughly a decade after the substantial spike in the middle and high school massacres that occurred in the '90s, we have now seen this disturbing phenomenon arise anew on American college campuses. Overall, these horrifying, high profile acts of violence on college campuses remain relatively rare, nevertheless, academic administrators are required to manage threats of violence on an increasingly regular basis. As colleges and universities face the realities of today's educational environment, preparing for an active shooter event has become a necessity. The mass shooting at the University of Texas at Austin in 1966 has been hailed as the first major college campus-shooting incident. Since then, years of active shooting training and protocol development and evolution has taken place. A description of four of the deadliest college campus shootings (University of Texas at Austin, Virginia Tech, Oikos University, and Umpqua Community College) and the progression of the related ac...
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Trauma intervention in United States’ (U.S.) public schools is varied. The occurrence of public-school shootings across the U.S. elicits questions related to how public schools currently address and provide resources related to trauma for employees and students. A randomized, national survey of public-school teachers, guidance counselors, and administrators was conducted to gather information on public-school preparedness for response to trauma. Findings indicated that only 16.9% of respondents indicated their schools have trauma or crisis plans that address issues related to school shootings. Furthermore, public schools use a variety of strategies to address trauma, but teachers, guidance counselors, and administrators were often unsure about the effectiveness of these trauma interventions in the event of school shootings. Implications for findings suggest methods to enhance next steps in the area of trauma response to school shootings.