Comparative Analysis of Food Expenditure Pattern of Nepalese Households Using Engel Curves (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 2019
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One of the fundamental human needs is food. This cannot be suspended and replaced with other substances. Food cannot be denied to human beings and it plays a major role in national development. It also plays a role in maintaining economic, social, and political stability. However, household food consumption expenditures in developing countries have received significant attention in recent years because of the fast economic growth and increasing trepidation about food consumption. The present study has shown that the importance of family income has been found to determine the cost of food and non-food. Increasing income has proven to increase food expenditure. On the contrary, the expenditure on non-food has shown a decreasing trend. With the increase in the number of residents, the change in the budgetary provision of food is particularly related with the number of dependents. Increase in number reduces budgetary cost of non-food expenditure but expenditure on food increases. For the improvement of food and nutritional security in rural West Bengal and Jharkhand, policy criteria should be linked to their income expenditure on adequate food for a healthy living. It is clearly connected to policy instruments that increase income, such as increase in farm production and productivity, and increase in non-farm and off-farm employment.
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Unravelling Food Basket of Indian Households: Revisiting Underlying Changes and Future Food Demand
Indian journal of agricultural economics, 2013
The study empirically revealed striking difference in the consumption pattern of Indian households across rural and urban sectors, geographical regions and income categories. The findings were in conformity with Engel’s law and Bennett’s law of consumption. Expenditure elasticities of food commodities were estimated using LA-AIDS demand system and food demand was projected for the year 2020. The expenditure elasticities of high value agricultural commodities (HVACs) like milk, nonvegetarian products, fruits, etc. were higher than staple food, i.e., cereals. Further, wide inter-regional variations in the household demand for food commodities necessitates to match the demand and supply at disaggregate level and to remove the bottlenecks in production of food commodities in the respective region to fulfil the demand.
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The analysis of food consumption pattern is a primary concern of any developing country because it is related with food security. Pakistan is one of the emerging nations of the developing world. Due to the similarities and differences in households' food consumption behavior, income distribution, the effects of alternative tax structures, cost-benefit analyses, and the choice of cost of living index, the study of households' food consumption pattern is crucial for a developing nation like Pakistan. Furthermore, for Pakistan's food security in the present and the future, an analysis of food consumption pattern is crucial. The main objective of this study is to analyze the households' food consumption pattern. Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/ AIDS) is applied using data from Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) for the year 2018-19. This study makes a significant contribution by estimating household age composition elasticities, which were absent from earlier studies. Results from the income elasticities reveal that milk, meat, and fruits are luxuries food items. Similarly, on the basis of inelastic income elasticities we declared cereals, pulses, vegetables, sugar, and ghee as necessity food items. Results from the compensated own price elasticities show that the eight food commodity groups have inelastic own-price elasticities. This implies that these food commodities are integral food items of household diet. Results from the compensated cross-price elasticities shows that cereals and pulses, cereals and vegetables, pulses and vegetables, milk and fruits, meat and fruits, and milk and ghee are gross substitutes. On the other hand, pulses and meat, pulses and fruits, and ghee and meat are gross complements. According to the findings of the household age composition elasticities, adding children to a household significantly increases its sugar consumption while significantly reducing its fruit consumption. Any increase in the size of the household by an adolescent, adult, or a person in their middle age results in a significant increase in the consumption of cereals and a significant drop in the consumption of fruits. Finally, any increase in the size of the households brought about by an elder resulted in a significant rise in the consumption of cereals and a significant drop in the consumption of vegetables.
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The paper measures dietary diversity among different income groups in Nepal and identifies the drivers of this diversity as a first step toward addressing the widespread prevalence of nutrient deficiency. The level of diversity in household diets is an indirect measure of dietary quality and the extent to which the nutritional needs of households are being met. However, there is limited understanding of the trends, patterns, and determinants of dietary diversity in Nepal. This study is an attempt to enrich the literature on this issue. Drawing on unit-level data from three rounds (1995, 2004, and 2011) of the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS), we use multilevel modeling, quantile regression, and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to decipher the trends, determinants, and drivers of dietary diversity in Nepal. Our study finds that changes in household sociodemographic and agricultural characteristics are very important in explaining the improvement in dietary quality. Changes...
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International Review of Applied Economics, 2009
In this paper we compute nutrient-expenditure elasticities for two macro nutrients (calories and protein) and five micro nutrients (calcium, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium and iron) using an all India sample of rural households for 1994. We show that in each case the respective elasticities are positive and significant. This lends support to our hypothesis that an increase in income would increase nutrient intake by varying amounts, contrary to some assertions. We then compute differences in the elasticity of substitution for rich and poor across commodity groups and show that these differences, while significant, are small. This further corroborates our conclusion that increases in income of the poor would lead to greater increases in their nutrient intake as compared to the non-poor, although the magnitudes will be small. JEL Classification Number: C34, I32, J21, J43