Reducing carbon emissions in Egyptian roads through improving the streets quality (original) (raw)
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The role of Street condition and forms on the amount of carbon emissions released from vehicles
Journal of Engineering Research, 2021
In the last two decades, the percentage volume of carbon emissions has increased from 280 to more than 380 parts per million in the atmosphere, the problem is that it is still increasing daily in which it caused many environmental hazards that has been seen the last couple of years. The end of this century, It is expected that the uncontrolled amount of emissions emitted to the atmosphere will increase the surface temperature of plant earth by 3.4ºC. Worldwide, the percentage of carbon emissions in the atmosphere and its effect on air quality has been the main concern of scientist and researchers in the past decade. Egypt is one of the biggest emitters that surfer from atmospheric pollution, almost 24% of the atmosphere pollutants in Egypt is from the transportation sector due to the heavy use of fossil fuels. Reducing the roads carbon emissions through streets design and form is the main scope of this research. This research intends to control the amount of carbon emission released in air by vehicles through controlling vehicles speed and motion, which affected by the street design and form. The presented research analysis the relation between carbon emissions and streets condition and forms, through measuring the amount of CO 2 and CO emission produced in one of the Egyptian roads from different types of vehicles in road with three different conditions. El-Shuhada Street has been chosen to be the study area of this research. The researchers used Testo 315-3 to measure the Carbon emissions in the street and to identify the relation between CO 2 emission and street condition and form. The results revealed that straight route with vehicle speeds ranged between 80 to 100 kn/h produces less carbon emissions then straight Journal of Engg. Research Online First Article 2 routes with street bumps and vehicle speed ranged between 26 to 19 km/h. Moreover, curved routes emitted more emission than straight routes.
Traffic is one of the main sources of CO 2 in Serbia, as well as in the world. The subject of this study is to determine city streets as sources of CO 2 emission in south Serbian city of Niš. In order to make these possible, measurements were carried out of frequency of traffic at critical intersections in the city, measurement of the concentration of CO 2 , as well as monitoring of a direction of the vehicle at the crossroad. Based on these data, the connection has been established between the traffic flow at crossroads, and traffic flow on the roads, between monitored crossroads, enabling the definition of CO 2 emissions on the road. Also, this makes it possible to perform classification of streets according to their annual emissivity.
Topical issues Road transport and CO 2 emissions: What are the challenges
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In order for the world to stay within the safety threshold of a 2C increase in average temperature agreed by virtually all governments, the transport sector needs to be decarbonized. The two main obstacles that have prevented this from happening have been the absence of a global legally binding deal and the high relative cost of clean vehicle/energy technologies. The Paris Agreement, which commits countries to reductions of GHG emis- sions, has virtually solved the first problem and paved the way for countries to implement environmental taxes and subsidies in order to change the relative costs of clean alternatives, which would solve the second problem. These policy actions combined with investment in clean infrastructure and regulation can decarbonize the transport sector.
The Road to Sustainable Non-Motorized Transport in Egypt
The 21 st century can be best defined by rapid urbanization, and mobility is considered one of the main key challenges that have witnessed major physical transformations. According to UN-Habitat " By 2005, approximately 7.5 billion trips were made in cities worldwide each day " (2012, para. 1), and this number is expected to almost triple by 2050. This phenomena has created long distances between certain destinations, e.g. workplaces, schools, markets, etc., which led to increased dependency on public motorized transportation causing congestion, pollution and other environmental negative impacts. Egypt is one of the many countries that suffer from traffic congestion, especially after the emergence of satellite cities on Cairo's fringes. Recently in Cairo, a city which inhabits around 19 million citizens and 236,000 miles of road (World Bank 2014, as cited in TADAMUN, 2016), the issue of sustainable transport has topped the list of priorities in several conferences and seminars. One of the independent organizations, named STP (Sustainable Transport Project for Egypt), has been working on enhancing sustainable transportation alternatives, where they work with several agencies and governmental sectors to promote non-motorized transport mode in medium-sized cities. Such initiative is needed in a country like Egypt in order to ensure sustainable transport as a basic human right, thus citizens can have access to safe, affordable and environmentally-friendly modes of transport.
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