Biopile to Treat Oil-Contaminated Soils: Some Brazilian Experiance (original) (raw)
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Bioremediation of a weathered and a recently oil-contaminated soils from Brazil: a comparison study
Chemosphere, 2005
The facility with which hydrocarbons can be removed from soils varies inversely with aging of soil samples as a result of weathering. Weathering refers to the result of biological, chemical and physical processes that can affect the type of hydrocarbons that remain in a soil. These processes enhance the sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to the soil matrix, decreasing the rate and extent of biodegradation. Additionally, pollutant compounds in high concentrations can more easily affect the microbial population of a recently contaminated soil than in a weathered one, leading to inhibition of the biodegradation process. The present work aimed at comparing the biodegradation efficiencies obtained in a recently oil-contaminated soil (spiked one) from Brazil and an weathered one, contaminated for four years, after the application of bioaugmentation and biostimulation techniques. Both soils were contaminated with 5.4% of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and the highest biodegradation efficiency (7.4%) was reached for the weathered contaminated soil. It could be concluded that the low biodegradation efficiencies reached for all conditions tested reflect the treatment difficulty of a weathered soil contaminated with a high crude oil concentration. Moreover, both soils (weathered and recently contaminated) submitted to bioaugmentation and biostimulation techniques presented biodegradation efficiencies approximately twice as higher as the ones without the aforementioned treatment (natural attenuation).
Bioremediation of Crude Oilcontaminated Tropical Soil in Bench-Scale Piles
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2006
This work presents the results of a bench-scale study to evaluate the applicability of biopile to treat crude oil-contaminated Brazilian soils. Tests were carried out in 20-liter piles, using two different batches of soils artificially contaminated. First set of essays was performed with piles contaminated with paraffin crude oil with average TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) of 39,442 mg/kg. Rice hull, sawdust and coconut hard core were used as bulking additive at 10% by volume. After 16 weeks of treatment, the best TPH degradation percentages achieved was achieved using no bulking agent (69.13%). The addition of bulking material did not improve the TPH degradation. Pile turn frequency had no influence at the efficiency of TPH degradation due to the small scale used in the essays. Another test was carried out with a clayey soil (soil B). In this case, the rice hull amendment improved soil permeability and retained more easily the water. These results could be explained by the less equilibrated texture and poor fertility (micro and macro nutrients) of soil B. Higher frequency of pile mixing (each 7 days) had not shown any advantage to the contamination disappearing due to the small scale used in the essays. The results obtained demonstrate that clayey soils can be remediated to acceptable levels within a reasonable time.
Oil Bioremediation in a Tropical Contaminated Soil Using a Reactor
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2020
This research was implemented in the Colombian Amazon forest area; to assess the effect of Tween-80® surfactant in the degradation of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in bioremediation treatments under aerobic conditions in the laboratory and pilot-scale. One control treatment, Natural Attenuation (AT) and four biostimulation treatments with leonardite with four different dosages of Tween-80® were proposed. The efficacy of organic stimulators and nonionic surfactant in soil microbiota was studied at laboratory and pilot scales, the latter in a passive aeration reactor. The test that presented a better performance was carried out with a Convective Flow Reactor (CFR) at pilot-scale. The results showed that bioremediation strategies improved the natural degradation process; the best outcomes were obtained in a treatment that includes Leonardite and Tween-80® (1.5 g/L) with 52% TPH degradation in 80 days (d). Tween-80® produced an effect in TPH solubility, and increased the production of CO2 in distinctive bioremediation treatments in both periods. The kinetics of CO2 production showed that the system required a periodic addition of a co-substrate as well as an increase of soil microbiota through the addition of compost (pilot scale). In this stage more than 76% of contaminant was degraded in 60d.
Operation of a 27-m3 biopile for the treatment of petroleum-contaminated soil
Remediation Journal, 2007
Soil and groundwater contamination due to petroleum hydrocarbon spills is a frequent problem worldwide. In Mexico, even when programs oriented to the diminution of these undesirable events exist, in 2000, a total of 1,518 petroleum spills were reported. Exploration zones, refineries, and oil distribution and storage stations frequently are contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH); diesel fraction; gasoline fraction; benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX); and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Among the many methodologies available for the treatment of this kind of contaminated soil, bioremediation is the most favorable, because it is an efficient/low-cost option that is environmentally friendly. This article discusses the capability of using a biopile to treat soils contaminated with about 40,000 mg/kg of TPH. Design and operation of a 27-m3 biopile is described in this work, including microbiological and respirometric aspects. Parameters such as TPH, diesel fraction, BTEX, and PAHs considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were measured in biopile samples at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 22 weeks. A final average TPH concentration of 7,300 mg/kg was achieved in 22 weeks, a removal efficiency of 80 percent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2008
A biorremediação é uma alternativa atraente para o tratamento de solos contaminados com hidrocarbonetos de petróleo. No entanto, a efetividade do processo pode ser limitada não só pelas características do contaminante, mas também pela sua biodisponibilidade. Este trabalho tem como meta o estabelecimento de procedimento preliminar para identificar o fator principal (recalcitrância ou biodisponibilidade) que interfere negativamente na biodegradação, resultando em baixas eficiências. Foram realizados testes em microcosmos contendo solo aplicando as técnicas de bioestímulo e bioaumento. Experimentos semelhantes foram conduzidos em meio líquido contendo óleo cru e microorganismos extraídos do solo contaminado, nutrientes e inóculo microbiano (Rhodoturula glutinis e Nocardia nova). Após 30 dias, o maior nível de biodegradação (98.8%) foi obtido na condição com bioaumento em meio líquido, indicando que o problema principal de biodegradação de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo pode estar associado à baixa biodisponibilidade destes no solo e não apenas a recalcitrância intrínseca do poluente residual.
Petroleum-contaminated soil remediation in a new solid phase bioreactor
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2010
BACKGROUND: Oil spills are a frequent source of environmental contamination. As a consequence, remediation of soils, waters and sediments is a great challenge in this area of research. This study aims at using a new type of soil bioreactor (13 L bench-scale and 800 L pilot-scale) to treat tropical soil contaminated with petroleum. Additionally, it includes the evaluation of the effectiveness of two auxiliary techniques: bulking agent addition (sawdust) and biostimulation using two different nitrogen sources (sodium nitrate and urea).RESULTS: The best result in bench- and pilot-scale bioreactors were reached when using urea as a nitrogen supplement and bulking agent addition. Removal of 20 to 35% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was achieved within 42 days. The molecular fingerprinting performed with 16S-PCR analysis associated with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to evaluate changes in the pattern of the bacterial community for all experimental conditions tested. The results revealed that the use of urea caused a smaller change in the dominant bacterial community structure than the treatments using nitrate, showing that this analysis can be a useful complementary tool to evaluate the impact of treatment strategies applied to hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.CONCLUSIONS: These new solid phase bioreactors showed satisfactory results in the tropical soil bioremediation process, proving that the homogenization system interferes with crude oil biodegradation efficiency. This new technology can be used as an isolated treatment as well as in association with other classically employed bioremediation technologies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Open Journal of Marine Science, 2012
Bioremediation is a technique applied to several environmental impacts, among which the ones generated by petroleum derivatives, through the introduction of microorganisms into the environment, or creating optimal conditions for them to develop. The present study aimed to evaluate the degradation of saturated hydrocarbons through the biostimulation technique in the mangrove sediment impacted by petroliferous activities, testing the potentiality of two fertilizers (NPK and OSMOCOTE) as accelerating agents of the biodegradation of petroleum components, under experimental conditions. In order to understand the bioremediation process it was used the quantification of nutrient contents, the percent of saturated, aromatic and NSO hydrocarbons, and the behavior of saturated compounds along the entire experiment, besides the monitoring of physical and chemical parameters. Chromatographic profiles characterized a major degradation of saturated hydrocarbons at the units with NPK, presenting a better efficiency of this fertilizer in the tested biostimulation process.
18th JOHANNESBURG Int'l Conference on Science, Engineering, Technology & Waste Management (SETWM-20) Nov. 16-17, 2020 Johannesburg (SA), 2020
Environmental pollution is a form of land degradation which has contributed immensely to the reduction of available arable lands and could lead to the total annihilation of the ecosystem if not effectively mitigated. Bioremediation technology offers a biological means which provide an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for soil remediation in contrast to physicochemical methods. This study aims to evaluate the application of wastewaters and air-injection for the treatment of crude oil contaminated soils. The treatment involves the amendment of crude oil contaminated soils with wastewaters at different ratios and the injection of atmospheric air. The results showed that the combined application of wastewater and air-injection was effective with 60-75% TPH removal efficiency while single application recorded 48-59% and 55% for wastewater and air-injection respectively. The study showed that the application of wastewater and air-injection can serve as a promising strategy for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soils..
Clean-up of crude oil-contaminated soils: bioremediation option
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
As we advance towards "a non-toxic environment", there is increased action in the soil, surface, and groundwater remediation activities in response to the world's environmental quality objectives. Crude oil is a pollutant whose entrance into the soil, surface, and groundwater environments has elicited profound negative impacts as harbinger of soil, water, and air pollution. The effects of oil spillage in the environments are unprecedented and cannot be ignored. It is necessary to decontaminate the polluted ecosystem after a spill since they are potent immunotoxicants and carcinogens, which can cause kidney diseases, cancer, and liver damage. Bioremediation, a technology that exploits the various capabilities of microorganisms to degrade or convert organic pollutants to innocuous products through mineralisation, has become the process of choice in the quest to remove soil contaminants. The bioremediation technology is deemed efficient, is low cost, does not require any technical skills to function, and mostly does not impact the ecosystem negatively. Although the efficacy of the bioremediation treatment is inhibited by the properties of the pollutants, the soil matrix, and the ecological factors, it remains the process of choice for most environmentalist. This article reviews the bioremediation process, highlighting the use of adsorption and photocatalysis as the most popular strategies applied in the reduction of pollutants in contaminated water bodies.
Petroleum - Contaminated Soil Treatment by Bioremediation
2013
Bioremediation is the process of cleaning the soil contamination using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into less toxic materials or non-toxic. Bioremediation is considered as an alternative action to restore a state of the environment has been polluted. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the differences and how Biopile and Landfarming in bioremediation process and to determine the amount of impairment Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). Petroleum-contaminated soil used in this study comes from the waste generated from ConocoPhillips Indonesia Ltd. Banyuasin South Sumatra. The research method is experimental. The design of the experiment that used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial. The results showed biopile technique showed higher efficacy compared with Landfarming techniques; biodegradation process time to achieve the targets, which is under 1%, is faster than Landfarming techniques; bioremedia...