Effect of Training on Selected Biochemical Variables of Elite Male Swimmers (original) (raw)
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The Effect of Swimming Training on Some Biochemical Parameters of Young Swimmers
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Aim: In this study, the effects of 4-week swimming training applied to swimmers aged 19-26 on HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, protein, lactate dehydrogenase, urea and phosphorus parameters were investigated. Methods: . 22 swimmers with an average age of 24.5±2.46 years and a mean age of 5.12±1.1 for sports participated in the study. A swimming training program was applied to the participants for 4 weeks/3 days. All tests and measurements were performed before starting the 4-week training program and after completing the 4- week program. Results: The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 package program. The normality distribution of the data was made using the shapiro-wilk test. Participants' pre-post test measurements were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. According to the results of the data, there was a statistically significant difference between BW, HDL, LDL and ALP pre-post test data (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a resul...
Effect of Training on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Variables of U-19 Soccer Players
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 2011
The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of training on biochemical variables of elite male swimmers. A total of 60 Indian elite male swimmers (age: 17.33 ± 1.47 yrs; height: 173.08 ± 5.80 cm; body mass: 68.11 ± 5.02 kg) who regularly participate in competitive swimming volunteered for this study. A well-designed training program for the swimmers was employed for 12 weeks. The training sessions were divided into 2 phases (a) Preparatory Phase (PP, 8 weeks) and (b) Competitive Phase (CP, 4 weeks). Each phase was further subdivided into macro cycles and micro cycles, and were completed 4 hr/d; 5 d/wk. Selected variables were measured at zero level (baseline data, BD) and at the end of preparatory phase (PP) and competitive phase (CP) of training. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum urea, uric acid, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed after training. On the other hand, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in resting and peak blood lactate, hemoglobin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC/HDL and LDL/HDL were noted after the conclusion of training. The training program was effective for improving selected biochemical parameters for swimmers, and may be employed for monitoring training.
2015
Objectives: To obtain an insight into the influence exerted upon serum lipid profile by physical training in different specialties of the Indian athletes. Methods: Three group of subjects were studied i.e. walkers (n = 11), boxers (n = 11) and sedentary subjects (n = 11). Triglycerides (TG), Cholesterol/ HDL Cholesterol Ratio (C/H Ratio), Total Cholesterol (TC) and its fractions – HDL, LDL and VLDL Cholesterols were determined in serum by an enzymatic/colorimetric method. Results: Significant difference of C/H Ratio, LDL and of HDL-cholesterol was found in walkers as compared to other groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that endurance directed sports training activity has more favorable effects on serum lipid profile.
Effect of Exercise in Biochemical Parameters in Athletes
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.5\_Issue.3\_March2018/Abstract\_IJRR0012.html, 2018
Exercise is advised for improving overall health and preventing many chronic diseases. Professional sportspersons practice regular strenuous exercise schedules for competitions. To maintain good performance high protein diet along with antioxidants is taken. Duration and severity of exercise affects various routine biochemical parameters. Biochemical tests including Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, Serum Uric Acid, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphorus, Serum total Protein, Serum Albumin, Lipid Profile( Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, VLDL-Cholesterol), Blood Glucose, Amylase and Serum Lactate was assessed in fifty professional athletes before and after exercise. Some parameters like urea, creatinine, glucose, lactate, calcium, ALP were affected by exercise and trainings which need to be considered for correct interpretation.
Purpose: This study was done to ascertain gender differences in trained swimmers between their Critical Swim Speed (CSS). Certain metabolic responses, immediately after 400 meters free style swimming (FSS), with maximum effort, were also studied. Methods: The analysis was conducted in trained swimmers between 12- 18 years age. Height, weight, body fat quantity were estimated using standard techniques. CSS was measured for each swimmer. Blood samples were taken within two minutes of 400 meters FSS, with maximum efforts. The blood creatinine, lactic acid, serum calcium, serum urea and serum urea nitrogen were estimated using standard laboratory methods. Results:With the maximal effort of 400 meters FSS, values of hematological variables for both sexes were found to increase many folds than reference values. Significant (p<0.05) gender differences were observed in CSS and blood creatinine. The positive significant (p<0.05) correlation was found between CSS and height in the swimmers. For trained male swimmers significant positive correlations among CSS, blood urea and serum urea nitrogen were found. Conclusions: This study reflects metabolic status of both trained male and female swimmers, after their full efforts. Besides blood creatinine no significant differences were observed in them. So it may conclude that effective physical training minimizes the metabolic demands during their full efforts and gender differences could be overcome. Key words: Critical swim speed, creatinine, young swimmers
International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology , 2019
Theaim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic exercise programs applied to swimmers between 18 and 25 years of age with some blood parameters on physical and physiological parameters and compare them with each other. 20 male swimmers between the ages of 18 and 25 participated as volunteers. Aerobic exercise was applied 8 days a week for 8 weeks. The paired simple t-test was used to determine the differences between the pre-test and post-test blood values of the participants and the control group participants. The independent t-test was used to determine the differences between the groups of subjects and the control groups in the pre-test blood values and in the evaluation of the blood values of the post-test values (P <0.05). Before and after the 8-week exercise applied to the experimental exercise group; There was no significant difference between ALT and GGT values according to P <0.05. Besides, statistically significant differences were found in VYY, AST, LDL, HDL, Triglyceride and Total Cholesterolvalues (P> 0.05). Inthepre-and post-test evaluations of the control exercise group, no significant results were found in VYY, AST, ALT, GGT and HDL values; LDL, Triligiserite and Total Cholesterol values were found to be statistically significant (P <0.05). As a result; When the aerobic running exercises of the 18-to 25-year-olds were compared from the experimental and control groups and between the groups, statistically significant results were found in VYY, AST, HDL in the experimental group and the importance of aerobic running exercises in swimmers between the ages of 18-25.
International journal of physical education, sports and health, 2017
The present study was designed to determine the effect of six weeks conditioning training programme on biochemical profile of female athletes. Total forty seven (N= 47) female athletes from Punjabi University Patiala were selected to act as subjects for the present study. The study was conducted on university level female athletes, 2125 years of age group. Blood Cholesterol of the female athletes was assessed by using Chod –Pap (Cholesterol Oxidase Phenol + Aminophenazone) method. On the other hand Creatinine of the female athletes was measured by Jaffe’s Method using Method. To effect biochemical profile of female athletes mean, standard deviation and paired t–test were employed. The level of significance choose in to test the hypotheses was 0.05, P<0.05 accordingly; a online statistical software was used. Results of the study explicated statistically that there was significant difference in Blood Cholesterol. However, insignificant difference was found in Creatinine of female a...
Effects of two months training on blood lactate levels in adolescent swimmers
Biology of Sport, 2010
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of two months swimming training on aerobic and anaerobic capacities with blood lactate. A total of 17 adolescent male swimmers (15.17±0.81 years) were included in the study. The first measurement was conducted 1.5 months after the beginning of the season and this was followed by a second measurement conducted two months after the first measurement. A test protocol of 8x100 m crawl style was applied in the measurements and the subjects swam from slow to fast at five different swimming workloads. Between each training run, blood samples were provided from the earlobes of the subjects in order to measure the amount of blood lactate. Heart rate was measured after five swims. Furthermore, swimming styles and duration were recorded in order to calculate the swimming speed of each subject at each swimming workload. The comparison of blood lactate and speed values of all subjects before and after the training season revealed that lactate acid values had not changed significantly (p>0.05) at the lowest swimming workload (75%) and that the speed had significantly increased (p<0.01). As for the rest of the swimming workloads, both lactate acid and speed increased significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Our two month training programme dwelt heavily upon anaerobic training and accordingly aerobic capacity decreased and anaerobic capacity increased at higher speeds. On the other hand, in our study, we found out that anaerobic capacity had not increased only at the 75% workload and that it had decreased at the rest of the workloads. KEY WORDS: swimming, blood lactate, training Numerous studies have employed the relationship between blood lactate concentrations and swimming speed in order to set the optimal training workload for swimming race and training sessions and to evaluate the adaptation level of the swimmers to the training [17,23,28]. Commencement of BL accumulation and anaerobic threshold are important indicators of performance and exact training workload [1]. The prerequisites for a high level of success in sports are to tolerate high levels of BL and to endure muscle soreness. BL measurement is a proper parameter in detecting the effect of training, calculating the workload and in preventing overtraining [29].
Imbalanced Nutrition of Top-Level Swimmers
International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007
Introduction ! Nutrition plays a crucial role in athletic performance. Swimming is a demanding sport, in which nutritional needs can be extraordinary. A balanced intake of macronutrients is essential, as adequate carbohydrate and protein intakes are necessary for maintaining and enhancing glycogen stores and lean body mass, respectively, during training . Sufficient micronutrient intake is also important, as minerals facilitate the development of swimming performance and contribute to the attainment of optimal physiological function . Nevertheless, reports show suboptimal dietary intakes of swimmers . Such findings could be partially attributed to the lack of nutritional education and scientific monitoring. Moreover, swimmers do not always adjust their nutrient needs to the training stress , but information about possible modifications of the dietary habits of swimmers during different training phases is limited. Training of swimmers needs to be accompanied by appropriate evaluation of a variety of param-eters, including hematologic and biochemical ones. Variations in these parameters may influence the performance capacity of swimmers , and such variations do take place during swimming training, although in diverse directions . Some of these parameters, for instance, parameters of the iron status, are influenced not only by training but also by nutrition . Given the dearth of data on the nutritional status of swimmers during extended training periods, the aim of the present study was to monitor the dietary intakes, along with hematologic and biochemical parameters, of swimmers participating in top-level training during a competitive season of eight months. Anthropometric and performance data were also included in order to provide a thorough picture of the responses to a highly demanding training schedule.