The role of the media in establishing international security regimes (original) (raw)
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The news media are often described as a causal relation between international crisis and the reaction of international community to the crisis. In the era of media pervasiveness, it is widely argued that the news media play a crucial role in the process of foreign policy formulation.In this sense, the paper aims to fit the media as a component of international system to the multifaceted relationships in which many actors are involved in this process. In accordance with the purpose of examining the debate over the influence of the media in foreign policy decision making of the governments, it is argued that relationship between media and government should not be considered within a mechanism based on bi-directional process.
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This paper maintains that the media is involved in all stages of foreign policy formulation processes and that political leaders take the media into consideration in its national and international aspects. Moreover, the paper argues that this double-edged media environment is considered mainly in the publication, or media management stage. The involvement of the media in this decision-making process is complex. When an external, international event occurs, political leaders learn about it from the media. This information is processed through various image components and than the policy or decision- formulating process is set in motion. Media advisors and PR professionals participate in the process, officials consult with them and consider their advice. Finally, they take the media into account when they define their policy and match to it the appropriate media tools. Past studies of foreign policy decision-making neglected to deal with this complex role of the media. They described ...
2002
Abstract: This paper maintains that the media is involved in all stages of foreign policy formulation processes and that political leaders take the media into consideration in its national and international aspects. Moreover, the paper argues that this double-edged media environment is considered mainly in the publication, or media management stage. The involvement of the media in this decision-making process is complex. When an external, international event occurs, political leaders learn about it from the media. This information is processed through various image components and than the policy or decisionformulating process is set in motion. Media advisors and PR professionals participate in the process, officials consult with them and consider their advice. Finally, they take the media into account when they define their policy and match to it the appropriate media tools. Past studies of foreign policy decision-making neglected to deal with this complex role of the media. They de...
The Role of the Media in Foreign Policy: A Decision-Making
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The media remain low-key and timid in their reporting on the political crisis. The paper discusses how media is involved in all stages of foreign policy formulation processes and that political leaders take the media into consideration in its national and international aspects. Moreover, the paper argues that this double-edged media environment is considered mainly in the publication, or media management stage. The involvement of the media in this decision-making process is complex. This information is processed through various image components and than the policy or decision-formulating process is set in motion. Media advisors and PR professionals participate in the process; officials consult with them and consider their advice. Past studies of foreign policy decision-making neglected to deal with this complex role of the media. They described the media for the decision-making process. Actual reality demonstrates that this perspective minimizes the place of the media and therefore it should be dealt theoretically as well as in applied research case studies using a more complex approach emphasizing the crucial role of the media in foreign policy. The paper develops and presents a framework for the analysis of foreign policy decisionmaking which tries to compensate for some of the flaws of existing models in the field, incorporating the complex processes of media input into decision-making, as well as reflecting the role of the press and TV in the formulation stage of policy-making.
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IV Table of Contents V Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: International Conflicts and the Toppling of Opposing Regimes: A Review of Media Strategies and War coverage 8 2.1. Introduction 2.2. International communication. War Propaganda and Political Economy: Approaches to Media and Conflicts 11 2.3. Vietnam and the Falklands: A Question o f Media Control 2.3.1. Vietnam War and the power o f television 2.3.2. The Falklands and the restricted coverage 2.4. The Media and Military Interventions in the Arab World: The Suez Canal and the 1991 Gulf War 2.4.1. The Suez Canal War: The regime that remained 2.4.2. 1991 G ulf War: A regime yet to be toppled 2.4.2.1. Controlling the message: The news pool system 2.4.2.2. Al-Ameriyya: covering civilian casualties 2.5. The Media and the Military Campaigns in Kosovo and Afghanistan 2.5.1. The 1999 Kosovo War: The media and the toppling o f Milosovic 2.5.2. The 2001 war in Afghanistan: The media and the toppling o f the Taliban 2.6. News and the Mediatisation o f Conflicts 2.7. Conclusion
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