The Karamanli Divan by the ‘Aşık Talib and Ottoman Lyric Poetry: a Preliminary Approach (original) (raw)

Abstract

Folk poetry vs. divan poetry Being an original composition, the Διβάνη Ταλίπ (Divan-ı Talib), printed in 1883 by Evangelinos Misailidis in Istanbul (Talib 1883), occupies a special place in Karamanlidika literary production which is known to be mainly a translation/adaptation literature 1. The book was presented for the first time to the scientific community by M. Sabri Koz (2014), who considers the poet Talib-a pen name (mahlas) for Simeonakis Değirmencoğlu from Denei-as a poet of the 'aşık folk tradition of Turkish poetry (Koz 2014: 121). The title Divan ('collection of poems'), the alphabetic order of the poems according to the classical scheme of redif ('postrhyme, end-rhyme'), the fact that the work is not a product of oral literature, as well as the themes and forms of many texts of the book, first of all of the gazels, raise the question of the relation of this Divan with classical Ottoman lyric poetry. This has obviously to be seen in the framework of the general scholarly discussion, whether Turkish folk poetry and the classical Ottoman (Persian) tradition have anything in common or not. In folklore studies, distinctions are made between various groups of 'aşık, one of them being the so-called kalem şairleri ('pen poets') who are said to be particularly influenced by classical Ottoman lyrics (Düzgün 2007: 255). In the nineteenth century, urban 'aşık production was getting closer to high style poetry (ibidem: 244). This is also the period when 'aşık poets began to arrange their compositions in collections (divans; ibidem: 273). One of the pioneers of Turkish folklore studies, Pertev Naili Boratav (1907-1998), had an ambivalent approach to the problem: on the one hand, he separated the oral 'aşık folk tradition from the mystical poetry of the tekke and the classical tradition (Boratav 1969: 23), on the other hand he strove for a common literary history (ibidem: 24-25; see also below). However, this has not prevented the development-and eventually dominion, also in the public opinion of nonexperts-of a dogma, especially in the ideological frame of Turkish nationa-1 This is, though, not the first Karamanli book containing original poetry in classical Ottoman forms: the Χαζινέϊ αράϊ µουστακηµέϊ Μεσιχιέ (Hazine-yi ara-yi mustakıme-yi Mesihiye / 'Treasury of Christian Orthodoxy'), actually a translation work realised in 1860/61 by Misailidis, contains a gazel in praise of the translator written by a poet named Oikonomidis

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  24. Talib 1883. ΔΙΒΑΝΗ ΤΑΛΙΠ Δενέϊ χανεδανηνδὰν ΔΕΓΙΡΜΕΝΔΖΟΓΛΟΥ Μερχοὺµ Ἀλέξι ἀγᾶ ζαδὲ φετανετλοὺ ΣΥΜΕΩΝΑΚΗ ἐφένδι ΤΑΛΙΠ δζεναπλερινὶν Χορούφη Άλφάβητον οὐζρὲ νὰζµ ἐγλεδιγὶ νεφισὲ ὀλοὺπ, που δεφὰ Ἀνατολὴ γαζέταση σαχίπι ἰµτιγιαζὴ ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΝΟΣ ΜΙΣΑΗΛΙΔΗΣ ΕΦΕΝΔΙ µασαριφὶ ἰλὲ τάππ-ου τεµσὶλ ὀληνδή. ΔΕΡΙ ΣΑΑΔΕΤΔΕ ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΝΟΣ ΜΙΣΑΗΛΙΔΗΣ ΜΑΤΠΑΑΣΗΝΔΑ 1883. Alemin rızgın viren perverdeg i ar 25 ya Rabbena.
  25. Divan-ı murebbi (p. 12-13; this is a didactic poem about science and knowledge) • -u--/-u--/-u--/-u- • kafiye -a / redif -sı ibtida
  26. İlmin Allah korkusudur hem binası ibtida Durma say 28 et caht-u gayretdir anası ibtida. Bakma kim rah 29 olduγın, bul menzil-i maksudde ram 30 Meyvesi asel 31 iken, semdir 32 gıdası 33 ibtida.
  27. Sayet devletde böyle ilm-u mearif devrini Virmesun asla hebaye 40 itfal 41 ömrün dehrini 25 Lex 182: pervedeg i ar = alemi besleyici (Allah)
  28. Lex 188: fahriyet = kibirlanmak, ferahlanmak
  29. Lex 187: TALIB = talib ve arzu ve istek idici ve ilim tahsilinde şakird olan adem 28 Lex 184: say = gayret 29 Lex 184: rah = yol 30 Lex 183: ram = rahatlık 31 Lex 167: asel = bal 32 Lex 185: sem = zehir (aγı)
  30. Lex 169: gıda = sabah taamı 34 Lex 184: refte refte = derece derece 35 Lex 170: enhar = irmaklar 36 Lex 177: memlu = dolu 37 Lex 175: kadre = damla 38 Lex 168: verziş = çalışıp çabalamak 39 Lex 167: aasan = kolay 40 Lex 189: heba = ince toz 41 Lex 178: itfal = çocuklar Faide-i ilmi görüncü, ta nihayet kadrini Anlar emma vah nidem olmaz rizası ibtida.
  31. Hem vacıbdır ilmile her vaktı imrar 42 eylemek Şayan-ı istihza 43 Talib, vasfa efk i ar eylemek Aynı cehlen şemmaden 44 ol şemsi 45 izhar 46 eylemek Çok sürüldi bunca aalimden daavası ibtida.
  32. Gazel (p. 13-14) • u---/u---/u---/u- • kafiye -ar / redif -ı dünya
  33. Zarimiz 47 var açar gül veş 48 solar ruhsar 49 -ı dünya G i ahi giryan 50 g i ahi hendan 51 , budur esrar-ı dünya.
  34. Dayanmaz kahraman behram, ne 52 de Rüstem 53 -i alim Geçirdi çarh-ı çenberden, niçe cebbar 54 -ı dünya.
  35. Çare-i merdini 55 buldı ne Eflatun 56 ne Bukrat 57 Neyledi nişledi Lokman hazık 58 serdar-ı dünya.
  36. Serir 59 -i Solomon bakı deyil, İskender-i aazim Çekdi gerdan-i umuri hezar 60 hünk i ar-ı dünya.
  37. İçirdi ecel şarabın demedi hasna güzel 42 Lex 173: imrar = geçürmek 43 Lex 174: istihza = zevklenmek 44 Lex 186: şemma = şamden (mum) 45 Lex 186: şems = güneş 46 Lex 173: izhar = aşik i are kılmak 47 Lex 171: zar = derd u keder itmek, aγlamak 48 Lex 168: veş = gibi 49 Lex 183: ruhsar = yanak, cehre, yüz 50 Lex 175: giryan = aγlemek 51 Lex 189: hendan = gülmek 52 Lex 180: ne = yok manasında 53 Lex 183: Rüstem = Ηρακλής 54 Lex 173: cebbar = zorbaz 55 Lex 179: merd = yiyid 56 Lex 170: Eflatun = Πλάτων 57 Lex 182: Bukrat = Ιπποκράτης 58 Lex 189: hazık = mahir ustad olan 59 Lex 185: serir = tahta 60 Lex 189: hezar = on kerre yüz yani bin (2) Etmedin itfa 88 semender 89 veş nare 90 yakdın teni İhtinak 91 oldum ateşden, ihtirak 92 verdin bana.
  38. Eyledin mürden 93 zaif bu cismimi başdan başa Kapladı gam mihneti salkım saçak verdin bana.
  39. Olmadı hiç bir amelim, vah bana hayre dair Eyledin insan deyu halk, el ayak verdin bana.
  40. Bu Talib senden şikayet itmeye ne hatti var? Her ne virdinse cihanda, mustahak verdin bana.
  41. Koşma (p. 18-19; didactic poem advising intellect rather than strength) • 6+5 • abab/cccb/dddb
  42. Cahil olan bilmez asla dünyayi Akan sular gibi durulmayinca. Bin bendile kabul itmez imlayi Dil uslanıb gönül yorulmayinca.
  43. Maγlublere gör ki, cümlesi galib, Aman gafil olma dünya acaib. Kıymetin bilmior ibtida Talib Mehenk taşına baş ufulmayinca.
  44. X) Kalender (p. 19) • --u/u--u/u--u/u- • kafiye -(b)a / without redif
  45. Düşürdü gönül bezmime 95 geldikce dilara 96 , 88 Lex 174: itfa = ateş ve alev söyündürmek 89 Lex 185: semender = ateşde gezen böcek 90 Lex 180: nar = ateş 91 Lex 174: ihtinak = soluk alamamakle boγulmak 92 Lex 174: ihtirak = yanmak 93 Lex 177: mür = karınca 94 Lex 182: pazu = bilek Mestane 97 bakış didesi geysuler 98 ne ziba 99 .
  46. Açdım yare ben vüsleti 100 etdikce latife Nazlanma meram yar bana güldükce galiba.
  47. Divan (p. 19-20)
  48. Reng-i sefitden 102 olub esmer ruyi buldúγuma Bir nişandır kara bahta hem cuyi 103 bulduγuma.
  49. Derdde bir refik deyu bana Eyup eyler pesend 104 Bu benim bezm-i sefada kayguyi bulduγuma.
  50. İhtiyar-i derd ideli bende var sabra karar Aferin sabır derdinde bu huyi bulduγuma.
  51. Talib-i ehbab olub seçer idim düşmani ben Neylesun çaht dost bazarda aduyi 106 bulduγuma.
  52. Lex 182: bezm = bir sufrada beraber yeyüb içmek 96 Lex 170: dilara = gönüle zeynet viren hatun 97 Lex 178: mestane = sarhoşluk 98 Lex 175: geysu = saç telleri 99 Lex 172: ziba = yakışıklu 100 Lex 168: vüslet = aşık maşukayla kavuşmak 101 Lex 174: ihrak = yakmak 102 Lex 185: sefit = beyaz 103 Lex 172: cuy = ırmak 104 Lex 182: pesend = beyenmek 105 sic (τογρουγοὺ), recte τογρουγιοὺ / doγruyu 106 Lex 167: adu = düşmen (XII) Divan (p. 20-21)
  53. Yok olur halk avn 107 -i Mevla maksud-i k i am 108 olmasa Varlıγın bilmezdi insan, kalbe ilham olmasa.
  54. Durma gel çek cevr u mihnet ta nihayet ram içun Kimse perhiz-i kebir 109 itmezdi, bayram olmasa.
  55. Rutva-i alem dinilmez sıtkıla aşk ehline Silk 111 -i aşka dahl olur cümlesi ehram 112 olmasa.
  56. Hazret-i Talib denirdi ismine olunca mert İlm-i şiri kimya emma, aşkıla nam olmasa.
  57. 107 Lex 167: avn = yardım 108 Lex 175: k i am = meram 109 Lex 176: kebir = böyük 110 Lex 178: muştak = gönül meyl etmek 111 Lex 185: silk = yol, tarik 112 Lex 170: ehram = haremler (girmesi şuna buna yasaγ olan)