The Social Composition of Medical Students at the Erzsébet University in the 1920s (original) (raw)
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The Social Composition of Medical Students at the Erzsébet University Between 1930 and 1945
Different Approaches to Economic and Social Changes: New Research Issues, Sources and Results, 2022
The purpose of the study. To examine the social composition of medical students of the Erzsébet University of Pécs (ETE) between 1930 and 1945 based on statistics about religion, place of birth and father/guardian occupation. To present the external processes affecting the admission of students based on the minutes of the university governing body. To present some typical individual careers of students of the examined period. Applied methods. Statistical analysis of student enrolment and diploma books. Analysis of major processes using the minutes of the medical faculty and university council meetings and literature. Presenting and categorising careers using all available archival and library data. Outcomes. Compared to the previous decade and a half, the number of medical students at ETE decreased for demographic and political reasons. The religious composition of the students changed due to measures restricting Jewish students’ university admission, and disenfranchising them. The ...
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In my study I aim to show the circumstances of the inception of “ideological” or, to put it another way, “parallel” departments of Ferenc József (Francis Joseph, in English) University, the predecessor of the University of Szeged, in the 1920s and 1930s through an accurate and complete exploration of archival sources. Also, by using a historical– sociological perspective, the religious affiliation and composition of students is examined as a supposed basis for the transformation of the university system in the early 1920s. The denominational composition of students enrolled in the University in the 1920s suggests that among the university students who moved from Kolozsvár to Szeged the Protestants were in a larger number than their proportion in contemporary Hungarian society.
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Located in Transylvania, one of the most multi-denominational regions of Europe, the University of Kolozsvár/Cluj/Klausenburg had 4000 students graduating from its Humanities and Science faculties in the period under examination. The ratios regarding the religious background of these graduates are: one third Roman Catholic; one third Calvinist, one eighth Lutheran, and the rest were affiliated with the small Unitarian Protestant and Jewish denominations of the region. Members of Eastern churches (Greek Catholic and Greek Orthodox) were also present in small numbers. The principal means of estimating the under-or over-representation of religious denominations in the student body was analysing the religious composition of graduates from Transylvania only (almost 60% of graduates). Concerning the mainly Hungarian denominations, Unitarians were four times over-represented among graduates, Calvinists 2.7 times, and Catholics 1.8 times. In national surveys, Calvinists and Roman Catholics tended to be under-represented, but it seems this was counterbalanced in Transylvania by the urban nature of the ethnic Hungarian population. Lutherans were over-represented by a factor of 1.7. Most members of this group were Transylvanian Saxons living in German-speaking towns. An overrepresentation of Jewish students, which applied to both Budapest University and the country as a whole (on account of the sheer number of students attending Budapest University), could not be observed here. Indeed, Jewish graduates were under-represented by a factor of 0.9. The representation indices for the Greek Catholic population (0.16) and the Greek Orthodox population (0.07) effectively demonstrate that Romanians had little chance of graduating from the faculties examined. The analysis of temporal changes in the denominational composition of the student body reveals that Catholics -both Roman and Greek -reduced their participation over time, perhaps turning away from Transylvania in favour of Budapest. As a result, Kolozsvár University became increasingly Calvinist. Transylvanian Jews underwent the most rapid process of modernisation, progressing from almost total exclusion to overrepresentation. The reason for Jewish under-representation -as shown by the initial survey -was that Transylvanian Jews lagged behind Hungary's urban Neolog Jewish communities. Similar over-an under-representation data demonstrate the differencia specifica of the Faculty of Humanities vs. the Faculty of Science, the differences regarding the social background of non- * Address all communications to:
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