Epizootiology of zoonotic parasites of dogs in Abua Area of Rivers State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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epizootiology of zoonotic parasites of dogs in Abua Area of Rivers State
Veterinary and Animal Science, 2019
The study investigated zoonotic parasites of dogs in Abua area of Rivers State. Out of the 400 samples analysed 260(65%) were found to be positive with different parasite species. Parasite species recovered showed, Ancylostoma caninum and Strongyloides stercoralis were found in all the communities while Taenia spp. was found in only one community. There was a statistically significant difference in infection rates among the different age groups of dogs examined (X2=59.79, df=4, P=0.000). Parasites species detected with respect to age of dogs showed that Ancylostoma caninum had the highest infection rate as it infected the three age groups of dogs in significantnumbers(X2=50.28,P=0.000),followedbyStrongyloidesstercoralis(X2=24.87,P=0.000).Other parasites that showed significant infections across the age groups include Diphylidium caninum (X2=9.63, P=0.008) and Toxocara canis (X2=6.98, P=0.03). All the other parasites; Spirocerca lupi, Baylisascaris procyonis, Taeniasppwerenotsignificantacrosstheagegroups.Therewasanoverall mixedinfectionof51(19.62%) of which 22 (8.46%) samples had mix infection of two parasite species of Ancylostoma caninum and Strongyloides stercoralis, 12 (4.62%) had Ancylostoma caninum and Diphylidium caninum, while 1(0.34%) with Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum. A mix infection of three parasite species was 6.15% comprising Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis and Diphylidium caninum was recorded. In conclusion, Prevalence of zoonotic parasites of dogs in Abua was high. So, there is an urgent need for education of dog owners in the area to reduce this high infection rate and to reduce the danger of transmission of these infections to human as a result of ignorance on the part of the dog owners.
Veterinary World, 2019
Aim: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and zoonotic implications of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in Maiduguri, Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 rectal fecal samples were collected from dogs in Maiduguri for coprological examination using the saturated sodium chloride floatation technique. Detection of eggs or oocyst was done on the basis of keys of identification of parasites based on the morphology and size of eggs or oocyst. Results: The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs was 31.5% (63/200) in Maiduguri. The prevalence of the infection was higher in young, male dogs kept outdoor in terms of age, sex, and management; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The parasites detected in Maiduguri include Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., Dipylidium spp., Isospora spp., and Taenia spp., with Ancylostoma spp. (16%) having the highest prevalence rate. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal parasites have high prevalence in Maiduguri and constitute potential risk to human health because all genera of parasites detected in the study area are of public health importance.
Intestinal parasitic infections of dogs in the Nsukka area of Enugu State, Nigeria
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 1996
The prevalence of intestinal parasites and eggs per gram of faeces (hookworm and roundworm only) were studied in relation to sex, age, breed, use and owner's social status in dogs in the Nsukka area, Nigeria. Prevalence was 68.5% (95% confidence interval, 62-75%), with those of individual parasites being Ancylostoma caninum 37.6%, Toxocara canis 31.5%, coccidia 18.3%, Dipylidium caninum 11.2%, Taenia hydatigena 9.1%, and Trichuris vulpis 3.6%. Concurrent infections with two or more parasites were recorded in 47% of the cases.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2023
Background: The close relationship between dogs and humans and the possibility of intestinal parasite transmission from dogs to humans calls for frequent assessment of these potential zoonotic intestinal parasites in dogs and the possibility of their transmission to humans. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the presence, intensity of infection, and public health perception of potentially zoonotic intestinal parasites in dogs of Kwara Central, Nigeria. Methods: The study was conducted in 28 locations in Kwara Central Senatorial District of Kwara State, Nigeria. Three hundred and five healthy dogs were sampled. Two hundred and thirty respondents (dog owners or handlers) were questioned using a well-structured questionnaire containing open-ended and closed-ended questions. Fecal samples from the sampled dogs were subjected to the direct fecal smear technique, simple fecal centrifugation flotation technique, formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique, and the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Oocysts or eggs per gram of feces were counted using the modified McMaster technique. Results: Seven different intestinal parasites (Ancylostoma spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Dipylidium caninum, Isospora spp., Strongyloides stercoralis, Toxocara spp., and Uncinaria stenocephala) were detected, with a prevalence ranging from 2.30% to 25.25%. Of these parasites, 6 were zoonotic. The mean intensities of infection were 91.43 eggs per gram (EPG) for D. caninum¸ 96.52 EPG for S. stercoralis, 129.36 ±28.12 oocysts per gram (OPG) for Isospora spp., 165.17±19.88 for Toxocara spp., 240.00±44.42 for EPG for U. stenocephala, and 303.64±31.83 EPG for Ancylostoma spp. Some dog owners and handlers were not cautious about possible zoonotic parasite transmission from dogs. Conclusion: Zoonotic intestinal parasites of dogs are present and prevalent in Kwara Central, Nigeria. There is a need to educate the public on the possibility of zoonotic parasite transmission to humans.
The prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Journal of Helminthology, 2009
A study of gastrointestinal parasites in 269 faecal samples from dogs (Canis familiaris) collected from Ile-Ife, Nigeria between January and December 2004, revealed seven helminth species: Toxocara canis 33.8%, Ancylostoma sp. 34.6%, Toxascaris leonina 3.3%, Trichuris vulpis 3.7%, Dipylidium caninum 4.1%, Uncinaria stenocephala 0.7% and Taenia sp. 1.1%. The faecal egg intensities, determined as mean eggs per gram of faeces (^SEM) were: T. canis 393.8^83.4, Ancylostoma sp. 101.5^32.8, T. leonina 14.3^7.9, T. vulpis 3.4^1.5, D. caninum 2.2^0.8, U. stenocephala 0.2^0.2. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was significantly higher (P , 0.05) in dogs of age 0 -6 months than in older age groups. There was no significance difference in overall prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites between male (58.3%) and female (50.0%) dogs (P . 0.05). The prevalence of helminth parasites was significantly higher (P , 0.05) in free-ranging than in kennelled dogs. The prevalence of helminth parasites was also significantly higher (P , 0.05) in African shepherds than in Alsatians and other exotic breeds. Each helminth parasite had similar prevalences and intensities among both genders (P . 0.05) except in T. vulpis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites may continue to rise due to lack of functional veterinary clinics for dog care in Ile-Ife. Therefore, there is the need to establish a veterinary facility in Ile-Ife.
International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 2015
The study investigated the prevalence of Haemo and gastrointestinal parasites in slaughtered Dogs in (Kugiya) Jos South L.G.A. of Plateau State. One hundred and fifty faecal and blood samples were collected from both local and exotic breed, age and sex of the dogs were also considered. Samples were taken to the Parasitology division of the NVRI, Vom for analysis. The parasites were determined using floatation concentration methods while the blood smears were analyzed using Giemsa-stained thin blood smears, was examined for haemoparasites. An overall prevalence of 46(100%) for gastrointestinal parasites and 21(14%) for haemoparasites was recorded. The prevalence was higher in the young 28(37.33) and 14(18.67) than in the adult 8(10.67%) and 12(16.00%) in the case of gastro and heamoparasites respectively. The prevalence in relation to sex shows that the male had a higher prevalence 33(44.00%) and 21(28%) than the female 3(100%) in terms of both the enteric and the haemo parasites respectively, no heamoparasite was observed in the case of the female. The prevalence was seen to be higher in the local breed than the exotic breeds. This study provides evidence that parasitic infections are prevalent in dogs in the study areas.
Prevalence of Blood Parasites in Dogs of Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Transactions on Science and Technology, 2021
The complex public health challenge associated with the symbiotic relationship between humans and companion animals tend to alter the physiological attributes of humans and their pets. Thus, a study on the prevalence of blood parasites in dogs of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria was carried out from August to October, 2019. Blood samples were collected from 99 dogs and examined using thin smear microscopy. Also, the packed cell volume (PCV) of each sample was measured. Out of the 99 dogs screened, 48 (48.5%) were infected with one or more blood parasites. Exotic breeds had higher prevalence of infection 41 (48.9%) than the local breeds 7 (46.7%), but the difference was not significant (P = 1). Dirofilaria species was the most prevalent blood parasite. Variations in prevalence between blood parasite species was highly significant ( 2 = 30.698, df = 5, P < 0.0001). Parasitic infection in relation to dog varieties varied significantly ( 2 = 123.94, df = 9, P < 0.001). Cane corso was the most infected 2 (100.0%). Dogs from Wuse area were the most infected 10 (71.4%). Hence, blood parasitic infection in dogs in relation to locations showed a high significant difference ( 2 = 11.898, df = 3, P < 0.01). Adult dogs were more infected 34 (53.1%) than puppies 14 (40.0%), nevertheless, the difference was not significant ( 2 = 1.0793, df = 1, P = 0.2989). Prevalence of blood parasites in dogs was higher in male dogs 27 (54.0%) than in females 21 (42.9%) but the difference was not significant ( 2 = 0.82454, df = 1, P = 0.3639). The mean PCV level was significantly low in infected dogs compared to uninfected dogs. The four zoonotic parasites recorded in this study are of public health importance and calls for an urgent need for a One Health survey.
Epidemiology of intestinal helminth parasites in stray dogs from markets in south-eastern Nigeria
Journal of Helminthology, 2011
A survey of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs (Canis familiaris) was conducted at Obollo-Afor and Ekwulobia markets, in Enugu and Anambra States, south-eastern Nigeria, respectively, to determine the patterns of infection among dogs in different parts of south-eastern Nigeria. Faecal samples collected, using long forceps, from every dog encountered in the markets between June 2007 and December 2008 were analysed by the Kato -Katz technique. Out of 413 dogs examined in both markets, 217 (52.6%) were infected with at least one of five parasites (Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Ancylostoma caninum, Taenia spp. and Trichuris vulpis). Overall faecal egg intensity of infection was 49.9^58.7 eggs/g (epg). The prevalence of infection was comparable between the markets and between the male and female dogs, but varied significantly (P , 0.05) by age, decreasing from 78.9% in pups to 36.0% in adult dogs. The mean intensity pattern was similar to that of prevalence, decreasing from 86.7^63.0 epg in pups to 22.1^34.4 in adults. The most important individual parasite infection was Ancylostoma spp. (39.2%; 30.0^41.2 epg) while T. vulpis was the least important (1.9%; 0.7^5.4 epg). Generally, prevalence and intensity patterns of each parasite were also comparable between the markets and between sexes, but significantly (P , 0.05) age-dependent. The implications of these findings to public health in Nigeria and other endemic countries are discussed in relation to options for cost-effective control design and implementation.
Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2015
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence ofhelminth parasites of dogs and associated risk factors in Adama. Standard fecal flotation and sedimentation techniques were used to identify parasite ova. Accordingly the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs was found to be 82.03% (95% CI, 77.8-85. 7). Helminth species identified were Ancylostoma spp, Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Strongyloides stercolaris, Echinococcus granulosus, Trichuris uulpis, Taenia spp and Toxoascaris leonina. Ancylostoma spp were the most frequent and T. leonina was the least abundant parasite observed with prevalence of 40.1 % and 0.26%, respectively. The prevalence of helminth parasites was significantly higher (p>0.05) in young (91.4%) than adult (76.6%) dogs. Thin dogs had significantly higher (p>0.05) overall prevalence (92.8%) than fat dogs (67. 7%). Non-confined dogs had higher prevalence (92.5%) than partially confined (83.1 %) and fully confined (64.5%) dogs, the difference being statistically significant between the non-confined and fully confined categories (p<0.05). Among the three frequently observed parasites T. canis had significantly higher prevalence in young dogs. Poor body condition and degree of dog's home confinement were associated with Ancylostoma spp (p<0.05); while prevalence of D. caninum was not affected by any of the risk factors considered. Sex and breed of dogs had no significant effect on prevalence both at the overall and individual parasite levels (p>0.05). The presence of these parasites with the observed abundance and subsequent contamination of the environment by parasite ova and larvae is of public health importance. Strategic treatment of young dogs at the earliest possible age and responsible dog ownership with proper housing management were forwarded as recommendation.