The role of the limestone in the Middle Palaeolithic technological behaviours through the refitting and the spatial patterning analysis: the level O of the Abric Romaní site (Capellades, Barcelona, Spain) (original) (raw)
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Appendix II : Spatial analysis: a note
Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 21 : From find scatters to early hominid behavior: A study of middle palaeolithic riverside settlements at Maastricht-Belvédère (The Netherlands), 1988
Pieter van de Velde^ appendix II Spatial analysis: a note^ Af ter a short discussion ofsome writings on spatial analysis it is argued that of the three methods commonly used for this purpose (nearest neighbour, local density and correlation) the local density approach frequently suffers from the impossibility of establishing the domain relative to which the relative densities can be calculated. This problem is usually evaded by turning to nearest neighbour or correlation methods, which, however, require more computational efforts. Instead it is suggested that for the related case of contingency table analysis the domain is the sum of the areas covered by the individual distributions. An example is included based on data on bone and flint artefact distributions at Belvédère Site C.
Applications of intra-site spatial statistics decreased during the 1990s and early 2000s, reducing spatial analysis to refitting and density maps, leaving apart many interesting quantitative approaches. During the past 10 years, intra-site studies have increased their relevance due to the capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and computer visualization. This paper recovers a few old concepts, such randomness or classical statistics, and joins them to more recent advances, such GIS, Open-Source Software (OSS), explorative analysis and geostatistical thought. These methods are applied to a lithic assemblage from the Lower Gallery of La Garma (Upper Palaeolthic cave site in Cantabria, Spain), where contexts are well-preserved, aiming to infer about human spatial behaviour from lithic distribution. I argue that there is a certain degree of spatial rationality behind actions in this site, and I explore its relationship with further dimensions of human activity. Due to lithic distribution and its relationship to other evidences (structures), temporal variation in the use of social space is proposed as hypothesis.
Appendix A: Aide‐Mémoire for Spatial Analysis
2008
This appendix summarizes the steps that a scientist should take in a geostatistical analysis of survey data, beginning with error detection, summary statistics, exploratory data analysis, the variogram and its modelling, kriging, and mapping. In many instances data from remote imaging require the same treatment, and where that is so we mention it. A.2 NOTATION The notation is the same as used in the main text, but we repeat it here for completeness. The geographic coordinates of the sampling points and target points for prediction are denoted x 1 for eastings (or across the map from left to right) and x 2 for northings (or from bottom to top on the map). The pair fx 1 ; x 2 g are given the symbol x in vector notation. The variates are denoted z 1 ; z 2 ;. .. ; and the measured values are denoted zðx i Þ for i ¼ 1; 2;. . ., for any one variate. A.3 SCREENING Few large files of data are free of mistakes caused by instrumental malfunction and human error. When you receive data, whether from the field or laboratory or from remote scanners, check for such mistakes. Position. Examine the positions of the data in relation to the bounds of the region. Plot them on a map, known as a 'posting'.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020
As anywhere else, GIS is an essential tool in Galician archaeological research for examining and analysing spatial data. This is something quite clear in megalithic studies where in the last years these methods have been used for contrasting hypotheses regarding locational preferences drawn from fieldwork. As such, in this paper, a study of locational patterns of the megalithic sites located in the flattened top territories of A Serra do Barbanza (Galicia, NW Spain) is carried out. Using a site-predictive modelling approach, several environmental covariates were analysed to see their role in the distribution of mounds. Next, we study the clustering of megaliths via second-order modelling. The results obtained led us to conclude that the distribution of sites shows an aggregation at very local scales, a trend that can only be explained by intended site spacing dynamics that may have taken place over millennia. Using significance testing via Monte Carlo Simulation, the outcomes of this research allowed us to identify possible preferences regarding the selection of particular landscapes for the location of