Particle boards produced from cassava stalks: Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties (original) (raw)
Related papers
Used paper is a common waste problem which takes about 17% of the total wastes generated daily. Cassava peelings, on the other hand, are thrown as trash in bakeries or restaurants if not recycled as compost. Paper contains moist cellulose fibre from organic materials. Cassava roots have natural adhesives and varying amounts of cyanogenic glycosides with 93% of linamarin and 3% of lotaustralin, effective natural toxins for stored-product pests. Particle boards which are used as display boards in schools and offices can be found readily available in supermarkets but are costly, not eco-friendly and not heavy-duty. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of using cassava (manihot esculenta) peelings and used papers in making particle board. To determine this, the experiment will be carried out in two groups considering variety and proportions. There will be 2 varieties of cassava where the cassava peelings samples will be taken: the white and the yellow varieties. The proportions to be used are ½:½, ¾:¼, and ¼:¾ in kilograms for the cassava peelings to used paper ratio. The preparation of the particle board product requires the collection and sorting of the cassava peelings and used papers, soaking of the used papers in saltwater solution, blending of the cassava peelings using an electric food blender, mixing the cassava peelings and used papers with a power mixer, placing and mechanical pressing of the cassava peelings-used papers mixture on the wooden mould, coated with liquid adhesive, after which drying is done under the sun or in a room temperature. Finally, a survey will be conducted to determine the degree of display appropriateness. The results will show that cassava (manihot esculenta) peelings and used papers can be used as potential materials for particle board production. It will also show that there is a significant difference between the degrees of display appropriateness of the particle board made out of cassava peelings and used papers considering variety and proportion.
Literature review and preliminary analysis of cassava by-products potential use in particleboards
Bioresources, 2024
Particle panels for construction are environmentally favorable, as they allow the combination of different components (as is the case with agroindustrial waste from the production and processing of food and products derived from agricultural activities). The objective of this article is to analyze studies focused on the use of cassava by-products in the production of panels for civil construction/furniture in the last 10 years through a bibliographical survey, as well as to present a preliminary analysis of the feasibility of using cassava by-products to manufacture particle panels in their natural state. As a result, the theoretical search detected the gap created by the scarcity of published studies on the topic. On the other hand, the experimental analysis indicated the promising potential of using the cassava by-product for panel production, provided that the weaknesses initially indicated in this research can be addressed.
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2020
This study investigated the possible use of four agro-forest residues generated in Ghana as an alternative raw material for particleboard manufacture using cassava starch and urea formaldehyde as adhesives. The particle size of the materials ranged from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. An industrial pressing machine was used to press the homogeneous single layer particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties were determined in accordance with ASTM D 1037-06a and ASTM D 7519-11. The results indicate that the density of the particleboards produced ranged from 421 kg/m 3 to 598 kg/m 3. The water absorption property of the particleboards also ranged from 7.66% to 22.41% and 18.17% to 59.46% for 2-hour and 24-hour immersions respectively. Additionally, the thickness swelling of the particleboards ranged from 3.38% to 5.03% and 9.37% to 21.49% for 2-hour, and 24-hour immersions respectively. The results further indicate that the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond strength and hardness of the particleboards produced for both cassava starch and urea formaldehyde were adequate. Comparatively, for all the agro-forest materials used for this study, the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards produced using urea formaldehyde as adhesive was better than those produced using cassava starch as adhesive. It could be concluded that the particleboards produced could be used for indoor applications or interior furnishings, under dry conditions. Additionally, it is recommended that further studies that combine cassava starch and urea formaldehyde as adhesives be conducted, as well as studies on combining plantain pseudostem and cocoa pod in particleboard production.
This study investigated the possible use of four agro-forest residues generated in Ghana as an alternative raw material for particleboard manufacture using cassava starch and urea formaldehyde as adhesives. The particle size of the materials ranged from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. An industrial pressing machine was used to press the homogeneous single layer particleboard. Physical and mechanical properties were determined in accordance with ASTM D 1037-06a and ASTM D 7519-11. The results indicate that the density of the particleboards produced ranged from 421 kg/m 3 to 598 kg/m 3. The water absorption property of the particleboards also ranged from 7.66% to 22.41% and 18.17% to 59.46% for 2-hour and 24-hour immersions respectively. Additionally, the thickness swelling of the particleboards ranged from 3.38% to 5.03% and 9.37% to 21.49% for 2-hour, and 24-hour immersions respectively. The results further indicate that the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rapture, internal bond strength and hardness of the particleboards produced for both cassava starch and urea formaldehyde were adequate. Comparatively, for all the agro-forest materials used for this study, the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards produced using urea formaldehyde as adhesive was better than those produced using cassava starch as adhesive. It could be concluded that the particleboards produced could be used for indoor applications or interior furnishings, under dry conditions. Additionally, it is recommended that further studies that combine cassava starch and urea formaldehyde as adhesives be conducted, as well as studies on combining Plantain pseudostem and Cacao pod in particleboard production.
Floresta e Ambiente
Peanut crop waste (hulls), which have a chemical composition similar to wood, can be considered as a source of industrial raw material for the production of particleboard, provided that they are of similar quality to wooden panels. The present study aimed to produce and evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of medium density particleboards made of peanut hulls and pine wood particles bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The panels did not present satisfactory dimensional stability. The mechanical properties were significantly reduced with the addition of peanut hulls. In general, peanut hulls did not represent a good alternative to be used as a source of raw material for the production of particleboard. The inclusion of new parameters in the production process would be essential to improve the technological properties, such as: new particle geometries, use of paraffin, particle treatments and inclusion of denser species in the composition of the panels.
2016
This research is to study the sustainable use of Cassava Manihot Esculenta Crantz waste from branches parted as a raw material for bio-composite development. Bio-composite is component phase that derived from biological origin for both reinforcement (fiber) and matrices (resin) with significantly different physical, mechanical and chemical properties. In this research, bio-composite use is natural fibers or bio fibers derived from cassava plants with polymer matrices which is polyurethane. Cassava plant is a woody perennial shrub, the composite product created is from wood fiber. Fiber of cassava plant used is in the particle form to create particleboard. This research focuses on the comparison of the most suitable age of cassava plant waste for making particleboard by comparing the final product chemical, mechanical and physical properties using density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, XRD (crystallinity percentage of fiber) and bending tests (modulus of rup...