Sphygmomanometers and thermometers as potential fomites of Staphylococcus haemolyticus: biofilm formation in the presence of antibiotics (original) (raw)
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Future Microbiology, 2019
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is the most common organism among clinical isolatesof methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Aim: This study evaluated the ability to produce biofilm with the presence of the antibiotics (1/4 minimum inhibitory concentrations) of S. haemolyticus strains isolated from blood culture. Methods: Clonal distribution was assessed in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. PCR assays were performed to detect mecA, icaA, aap, atlE, atl, fbp genes. S. haemolyticus strains grown in the presence of the antibiotics were investigated for biofilm formation on glass, polystyrene and catheter surfaces. Results: Biofilm formation was independent of the presence of the icaA and mecA genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type. Vancomycin, oxacillin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, tigecycline and linezolid did not inhibit biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the biofilm formation process is complex and may not be related to ica gen...
2007
One hundred and sixty seven isolates of staphylococci isolated from the inpatients of a tertiary care referral hospital in South India were speciated and activity of oxacillin, glycopeptides, linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin against these isolates was tested by broth microdilution method. Of the 114 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), 49.1 % were S. haemolyticus, isolated predominantly from urine (64.6%), while the rest belonged to 11 other species. More than half the isolates of S. aureus (52.8%) and 68.4% of the CoNS were oxacillin resistant. All the strains were uniformly susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin; but 25.6% isolates of S. haemolyticus showed reduced susceptibility to teicoplanin (MIC: 8-16 mg/L). Our study demonstrates the high prevalence of oxacillin resistance among hospital isolates of S. aureus and CoNS in India. Vancomycin, along with the newer agents like linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin remains the drug of choice for treating multi drug resistant staphylococcal infections.
Research, Society and Development
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been associated with a range of human health issues such as medical device-related infection, localized skin infection, or direct infection, are recognized as comprising the main part of human normal microbiota and associated with severe and intensive infections, causing infections in humans, especially immunocompromised patients and neonates. S. haemolyticus is, after Staphylococcus epidermidis, the second most frequently isolated CoNS from clinical cases, notably from blood infections, including sepsis. The most important factor might be the ability to acquire multiresistance against available antimicrobial agents, even glycopeptides. It is widespread in hospitals and among medical staff, resulting in being an emerging microbe causing nosocomial infections. This review discuss aspects of S. haemolyticus bloodstream infections associated, virulence factors, and the ability of biofilm formation on medical devices surfaces. The great adap...
International Journal of Microbiology
Staphylococcus spp. is most often implicated in nosocomial infections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics and the biofilm formation capacity of staphylococci species isolated from surfaces and medicotechnical materials at the university hospital center of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava in Benin. Samples were collected according to ISO/DIS14698-1 standard from the surfaces and medicotechnical materials by the dry swab method. The isolation of Staphylococcus strains was performed on Chapman agar, and their identification was performed using microscopic and biochemical methods. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus isolates to antibiotics was evaluated by the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST and CLSI recommendations. The biofilm formation was qualitatively assessed using microplates. Of the 128 surfaces and medicotechnical material samples analyzed, 77% were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. Thirteen species of Staphylococcus were isolated in...
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a potentially important nosocomial species and is characterized by resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates in hospitalized patients and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. The study comprised of 100 S. haemolyticus strains isolated from various clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed and interpreted as per standard protocols. Methicillin resistance was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration of oxacillin by macro broth dilution test. Susceptibility to glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) was determined by broth macro dilution method. High level of resistance was found to various antibiotics tested. Methicillin resistance was found in 56% of S. haemolyticus strains. All the study isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Judicious use of antimicrobials with continuous monitoring of MIC levels of glycopeptides and effective infection control practices could help prevent emergence of resistance to these agents.
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2016
Infections with coagulase-negative staphylococci are often related to biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect biofilm formation and biofilm-associated genes in blood culture isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. haemolyticus. Half (50.6%) of the 85 S. epidermidis isolates carried the icaAD genes and 15.3% the bhp gene, while these numbers were 42.9% and 0 for S. haemolyticus, respectively. According to the plate test, 30 S. epidermidis isolates were biofilm producers and 40% of them were strongly adherent, while only one (6%) of the 17 S. haemolyticus biofilm-producing isolates exhibited a strongly adherent biofilm. The concomitant presence of icaA and icaD was significantly associated with the plate and tube test results (P ≤ 0.0004). The higher frequency of icaA in S. epidermidis and of icaD in S. haemolyticus is correlated with the higher biofilm-producing capacity of the former since, in contrast to IcaD, IcaA activity is sufficient to produce small amounts of polysaccharide. Although this study emphasizes the importance of icaAD and bhp for biofilm formation in S. epidermidis, other mechanisms seem to be involved in S. haemolyticus.
Central European Journal of Public Health, 2022
Objectives: This work aimed to determine the representation and resistance of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus and Enterococcus on inanimate surfaces of two selected workplaces of the University Hospital of L. Pasteur in Košice (UHLP) and to investigate their importance in the hospital environment. The men's ward of the Department of Internal Medicine (DIM) and the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (DAIC) were chosen. Methods: Using sterile sampling kits, a total of 182 swabs were collected from the inanimate surfaces of both UHLP workplaces. The swabs were then transported to a microbiological laboratory and inoculated onto sterile culture media (blood agar containing 5% ram erythrocytes). After culturing (24-48 hours, in a thermostat at constant temperature 37 °C), bacterial colonies were identified by mass spectrometry on a MALDI TOF MS. Bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were subsequently separated from the spectrum of identified bacteria. Nosocomial significant strains of staphylococci (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus) and all isolated enterococci were subjected to susceptibility testing for selected antibiotics using the disk diffusion method-E-tests. Results: Several members of the genus Staphylococcus were identified from the inanimate surfaces of both workplaces. These were mainly coagulase-negative strains-Staphylococcus epidermidis (45), Staphylococcus capitis (34), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20), Staphylococcus hominis (45), Staphylococcus pasteuri (2), Staphylococcus sroph (1), Staphylococcus simulans (3), and Staphylococcus warneri (4). Staphylococcus aureus strains were also identified (2). Nosocomial significant isolates were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics cefoxitin (FOX) and oxacillin (OXA). Two members of the genus Enterococcus-Enterococcus faecium (7) and Enterococcus faecalis (8) were isolated. All strains were subject to vancomycin susceptibility testing using the disk method. Conclusion:
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021
Objectives: The main aim of this work is to determine the antibiogram profile of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus from various clinical specimens of the patients. Methods: Various bacterial cultures of non-repeated clinical specimens from a total of 3388 patients were determined using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Results: Out of 3388 only 604 (17.02%) displayed growth positive. A total of 65 (51.58%) S. aureus isolates were recovered, 25 (38.46%) were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by Cefoxitin (30 µg) disk diffusion technique, of which majority were from pus/wound swab 22 (37.29%). The antibiogram of the isolates was analyzed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique analyzing Linezolid to be the most effective drug with susceptibility of 100% to both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, followed by vancomycin, tigecycline, and tetracycline. In vitro biofilm production by tissue culture plate (TCP) and Congo red agar method detected 52 (80%) and 25 (38.46%) as biofilm producers, respectively. TCP identified 2 (3.07%), 7 (10.76%), and 44 (67.69%) as strongly, moderately, and weakly adherent. About 30.7% of MRSA obtained were positive biofilm producers. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of Oxacillin for S. aureus by agar dilution method ranged from 0.025 µg/mL to 128 µg/mL. Conclusion: This study shows that biofilm production was more in methicillin-resistant strains and displayed a high degree of resistance to almost all groups of antibiotics.
Evaluation of methods to detect in vitro biofilm formation by staphylococcal clinical isolates
BMC research notes, 2018
Staphylococcus genus comprising both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are widely distributed in nature and can infect diversity of hosts. Indeed, staphylococci are the major pathogens causing biofilm associated infections caused by contaminated hospital indwelling devices. These infections are persistent in nature being highly refractory to various stresses including antibiotics. Implementation of efficient diagnostic techniques for the biofilm production would help minimize the disease burden. Thus, early detection of pathogenic strains producing biofilms warrant the utmost importance in diagnostic laboratories especially in resource limited settings. Among 375 isolates collected from different clinical specimens, 214 (57%) were identified as coagulase negative staphylococci and 161 (43%) S. aureus. Detection of In-vitro biofilm formation in these isolates were carried out by three commonly used phenotypic assays and a genotypic assay. While evaluat...
Biofilm production, a marker of pathogenic potential of colonizing and commensal staphylococci
Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2009
Biofilm is one of the known virulence factors of staphylococci, a human and animal pathogen and commensal. Some of the strains become invasive under favorable conditions while others do not cause disease. Early detection and management of potentially pathogenic staphylococci is the essential step to prevent device-associated infections. There is also a need to evaluate one simple method for the detection of potential pathogens. Hence this study was planned to study the difference in potential of commensal, colonizing and invasive strains of staphylococci to produce biofilm. We used one qualitative (Congo red agar) and one quantitative (microtiter plate) method for detection of biofilm production and evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of Congo red agar method by using microtiter plate method as a gold standard. We consecutively enrolled staphylococcal strains isolated from peripheral intravenous device (IVD), venous blood, site of IVD insertion and nasal mucosa of patients admitted to pediatric ward with peripheral intravenous devices in place for more than 48 h. Total 100 invasive, 50 colonizing and 50 commensal isolates were studied. Of 100 invasive isolates 74% (74/100) were biofilm positive while only 68% (34/50) colonizing and 32% (16/50) commensal isolates were biofilm positive. The difference in biofilm production by commensal, colonizing and invasive strains was statistically significant (p b 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity of Congo red agar test for detection of biofilm producers were 90.63% and 90.79% for Staphylococcus aureus and 75.86% and 96.88% respectively for coagulase negative staphylococci. CRA is a method that could be used to determine whether an isolate has the potential for biofilm production or not.