International Consumption Patterns: Evidence from the 1996 International Comparison Project (original) (raw)
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MODELING INTERNATIONAL CONSUMPTION PATTERNS
Review of Income and Wealth, 2006
This article addresses a number of key problems commonly confronted in the literature on international demand analysis. These include data issues and requirements, multistage budgeting, outliers, group heteroskedasticity, and model selection. A two-stage demand system is fit to International Comparison Programme data for 114 countries for nine aggregate categories and eight food sub-categories of goods. Outliers are identified and omitted from the sample. Parameter estimates for the two stages are obtained with a maximum-likelihood procedure that corrects for group heteroskedasticity. Countryspecific income and own-price elasticities are calculated and indicate that poor countries are more responsive to changes in income and prices than rich countries. We also find evidence for the strong version of Engel's law; when income doubles, the budget share of food declines by approximately 0.10.
1969
This paper is •an attempt to explore the relationship between consumption expenditure and relative prices for a developing economy. While relative prices are central to the theory of household behavior, the aggregation of budget information leads to a macroeconomic relationship which states that the pattern of consumption expenditure is simply a function of per capita income. Although some attempts have been made to account for price effects in predictions of consumption in industrial economies, as in Houthakker and Taylor (29) and Almon (2), the omission of price elasticities of demand for consumption is carried farther with less apology, and perhaps less empirical justification, in studies of developing economies.
Do Prices and Attributes Explain International Differences in Food Purchases?
American Economic Review, 2014
Food purchases differ substantially across countries. We use detailed household-level data from the United States, France, and the United Kingdom to (i) document these differences; (ii) estimate a demand system for food and nutrients; and (iii) simulate counterfactual choices if households faced prices and nutritional characteristics from other countries. We find that differences in prices and characteristics are important and can explain some difference (e.g., United States–France difference in caloric intake) but generally cannot explain many of the compositional patterns by themselves. Instead, it seems an interaction between the economic environment and differences in preferences is needed to explain cross-country differences. (JEL D12, I12, L11, L66, Q11)
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014
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Cross-country prediction of changes in consumption patterns
Economics Letters, 1979
Changes in consumption patterns in 16 countries from 1970 to 1973 are predicted in a crosssectional context. The method is successful (in the sense that it beats no-change extrapolation of budget shares) for the U.S. and six Western European countries, but it is not successful for most countries outside the North-Atlantic region.