Biological Management of Damping-Off, Buckeye Rot and Fusarial Wilt of Tomato (cv. Solan Lalima) under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh (original) (raw)
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Indian phytopathology, 2008
Effect of various disease management tools on seed germination, seedling vigour, pre- and post–emergence rots, and foliar diseases of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) var. ‘Marglobe’ were studied as part of integrated disease management strategy under mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand. Five biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, mixture of T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus niger along with two fungicides (thiram at nursery stage and mancozeb in transplanted crop) were applied as seed treatment (ST), nursery drenching (ND), seedling dip (SD) and foliar sprays (FS). All treatments showed significantly higher seedling emergence and vigour as compared to untreated check. Maximum mean seedling emergence (72.9, 63.0 & 62.9%) and vigour (1638, 1414 & 1474) were recorded in plots with treatment of thiram @ 0.2%, T. viride @ 0.4% and T. harzianum @ 1.0% as compared to 46.8 and 1099 in the check respectively. ...
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2019
Tomato is one of the major cash crops in the Golapar area of district Nainital in Uttarakhand (India), where farmers are facing the problem of diseases in tomato cultivation. In the present investigation, a survey of tomato fields in the Golapar area of Haldwani block was conducted. The survey revealed the occurrence of late blight, early blight, stem rot, and wilt diseases causing an average loss of 80% to tomato. To counter the above diseases, Trichoderma harzianum (Th43), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf173), Jas mycorrhiza (AMF), and the fungicide (Mancozeb) in different combinations applyed through soil application (SA), seedling treatment (ST), and foliar spray (FA) were evaluated for growth promotion and disease control in tomato at experimental and farmers' fields. The results of the study revealed that in experimental field, the maximum plant height (43.67 cm), highest number of branches (7.33) per plant, highest weight of fruit (47 g), highest number of fruits (39) per plant, minimum plant mortality (4% at 30 DAT and 3.2% at 30-60 DAT), minimum plant disease index (6.85), maximum total yield (256.00 q/ha), and marketable yield (246.67 q/ha) were observed in Th+Pf+JM (SA) + Th+Pf (ST) + Mancozeb (FS). At farmer's field, minimum plant mortality (7.31%) at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) (5.73%) in 30-60 DAT, minimum plant disease index (11.47), and maximum yield 249.91 q/ha were observed in Th+Pf+JM (SA) + Th+Pf (ST) + Mancozeb (FS) combination. So, it can be concluded that among all the treatments, integrated treatment comprising of soil application of T. harzianum, P. fluorescens, Jas mycorrhiza (AMF) + seedling treatment with T. harzianum and P. fluorescens + three foliar sprays of Mancozeb was found very effective in reducing the plant mortality, promoting the plant growth, and increasing the yield at experimental field as well as at farmers' fields.
International Journal of Social Sciences and Management
A field experiment on “Comparative Efficacy of Biological, Botanical and Chemical Seed Treatments against Damping Off Disease of Tomato in Bhojad, Chitwan” was conducted from 1st October to 1st November 2020. The test was placed on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and four responses. The treatments were included Trichoderma harzianium (107 cfu ml-1) as a bio control agent, Bavistin (2g/litre of water) as chemical treatments and Neem extract as botanical treatments. The germination percentage, pre, and post-emergence damping-off, plant height, root weight and shoot weight, dry root and dry shoot weight of tomato seedlings were recorded. There was a significant increment in germination percentage (86.25%), reduction in pre and post disease incidence (23% and 5.16%), highest plant height (41.20 cm), highest fresh root weight, and fresh shoot weight (0.9725g and 12.300g), highest dry root and dry shoot weight (0.1975g and 1.393g) respectively were found when ...
South African Journal of Science , 2020
Seedling production under smallholder farming systems can be negatively affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Seedling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major biotic factors which causes significant yield reduction. Management is mainly based on the application of synthetic fungicides and cultural practices. However, both methods have limitations which result in their inefficiency. Several studies have reported on the use of plant extracts and biological control to manage plant diseases. The aim of this study was to formulate an effective and practical approach to manage tomato seedling damping-off using extracts of Monsonia burkeana and Moringa oleifera and a biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. The efficacy of both extracts was investigated under laboratory conditions to determine the most suppressive concentration to R. solani growth. Methanolic extracts from both plants significantly suppressed pathogen growth at different concentrations. M. burkeana significantly reduced R. solani growth at 8 g/mL (71%) relative to control whilst Moringa oleifera extract reduced pathogen growth by 60% at a concentration of 6 g/mL. The highest suppressive concentrations were further evaluated under greenhouse conditions to test their efficacy on seedling damping-off. In damping-off treatments, both plant extracts and T. harzianum also significantly reduced (p=0.5) pre-and post-emergence damping-off incidence. M. burkeana recorded the highest suppression at 78%, followed by M. oleifera at 64%. Trichoderma harzianum reduced incidence of damping-off by 60% and this was higher than both plant extract treatments. Significance: • The use of M. burkeana and M. oleifera extracts and T. harzianum effectively suppressed pathogen growth and disease incidence and can be used to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides that are harmful to the environment and human health. • Application of plant extracts and biological control agents as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides is considered a sustainable and affordable practice for smallholder farmers.
Effectiveness of bio- control agents against tomato soil borne pathogens
This research was carried out to study the efficiency of bio-control agents for controlling root-rot and wilting diseases of tomato. Obtained results showed that Trichodermq harzianum-I, Pseudomonas fluorescens-Il and Bacillus subtilis-I were the best strains for controlling Rhizoctonia solani , Scleratium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum .sp lycopersici. Also, the seed dressing of tomato and soil drenching q'ith bio-control agents gave the lowest records of disease severity of tomato, while, seed soal<ing only gave the highest records. Generally. it could be recormmended that the application of bio-control agents for tomato at sowing was rnore efficient for controlling of fungal soil borne diseases fungi. Application of strch inocula minirnizes the hazard effects of fungicides, protect the environment from pollution and maintenance of the human health..
Biological management of fusarial wilt of tomato by Trichoderma spp. in Andamans
Twelve isolates of Trichoderma from Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been evaluated for their biocontrol potential under in vitro and field conditions during 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing wilt of tomato. The isolates Th-CARI-50, Tv-CARI-73, Tv-CARI-85 and Th-CARI-61 were most efficient in the hyperparasitic action on the test pathogen in dual culture test. The biopriming of seeds with Trichoderma isolates and bacterial antagonist significantly improved the germination behaviour of tomato seeds as compared to control. Mycelial form of inocula was proved better than conidial inocula of Trichoderma in inducing germination (%) of tomato seeds. The isolates Th-CARI-61 was proved most effective in inducing per cent germination (90% -mycelial inoculums; 88% -conidial inocula), seedling vigour (945 -MI; 889 -CI), seedling biomass (395.5 mg -MI; 355.4 mg -CI) of tomato seedlings followed by Tv-CARI-85, Th-CARI-50, Tv-CARI-73, P. fluorescens, Tv-CARI-110, Th-CARI-72, whereas Th-CARI-130 was noted with least effective.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2013
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp., ciceri) is one of the major yield limiting factors of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). For eco-friendly and sustainable management of the disease, two species of antagonists (Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum) and chemical fungicide (Carbendazim 50 WP) alone or in combination with farm yard manure (FYM) were evaluated against the pathogen. The study was carried out under laboratory and field conditions. In vitro results showed that T. viride and T. harzianum alone or in combination significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Different concentrations (10, 50 and 100 ppm) of Carbendazim 50 WP showed significant inhibition in the mycelia growth, and a concentration of 100 ppm completely inhibited the mycelia growth of the pathogen. Result indicates that seed treatment with T. viride and T. harzianum reduced the wilt incidence significantly, and increased the seed germination as compared to control. Application of bio-agents alone or in combination with FYM enhanced the plant growth parameters significantly, that is, dry weight, root length and grain yield. The lone treatment with carbendazim as seed treatment significantly reduced the wilt incidence, and increased seed germination and plant growth parameters as compared to control. Results of the study show that bio-agents significantly reduced the wilt incidence, and increased seed germination and plant growth parameters as compared to chemical fungicides.
IOSR Journals , 2019
Fusarium wilt acts as a limiting factor for the yield of tomato for which Trichoderma spp. has been evidently used as a biological control agent. The most dominant species and causative agent of Fusarium wilt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates towards to control Fusarium wilt on controlled tomato plant. Investigation of T. harzianum was performed under in vitro and in vivo conditions against the pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum). Three native Trichoderma antagonists were isolated from fifteen soil samples of different geographical regions of Eastern Nepal. Under in vitro conditions, the results revealed that Trichoderma harzianum, isolate Th-TJ, was found to inhibit effectively the radial mycelial growth of the pathogen by (57%). Under greenhouse conditions, the application of T. harzianum, Th-TJ exhibited the least disease incidence.Also, tomato plants treated with T. harzianum, Th-TJ isolate showed a significant stimulatory effect on plant height by (78.33cm) and the dry weight by (3.33g) of tomato plants, in comparison to untreated control (1.4g) which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Therefore, the antagonist T. harzianum, Th-TJ is chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. On the base of this study,the biocontrol agents of plant diseases mightbe exploited for sustainable disease management programs to save environmental risk.