A Toolbox for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: An Indian Multicentric Study (2006-2008): Microbiological Results (original) (raw)
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SYMPTOMS AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STATUS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV POSITIVE PERSONS
National Journal of Medical Research, 2014
Background: In HIV positive and HIV negative individual clinical symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB) varied widely. Chances of Smear negative tuberculosis are high in HIV positive cases and it is the leading cause of death of HIV patients. Objective: To study the relationship between bacteriological status of TB cases and TB symptoms in HIV patients. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted during 2011 in a representative sample of 100 HIV infected persons visiting a tertiary care hospital located in western India. Laboratory investigation of Tuberculosis was done by AFB staining and culture in Ogawa medium. Data collected in structured questionnaire and laboratory profile of the patients were entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed using Epi-info. Results: Twenty three percent prevalence of TB is observed in HIV patients. Eighty one percent of the total TB cases were smear negative cases. Significant relationship was observed between the TB symptoms and Smear positive TB cases (p<0.05) but no significant relationship could be established between TB symptoms and smear negative cases (p>0.05). Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex was higher than M. tuberculosis. Conclusion: In HIV patients, the utility of direct microscopy of AFB stained smear is limited because most of these patients were smear negative and are asymptomatic. So, direct microscopy in combination with Culture is recommended for higher case finding of TB in HIV patients.
SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) has been the most common acute opportunistic infection in HIV positive patients and accounts for more than half of all AIDS cases in underdeveloped nations. Hence, rapid laboratory diagnosis of M. tuberculosis is needed for vulnerable patients. Methodology: In this study, 72 sputum samples were collected from ART-naive and patients using ART for 6 months. The samples were tested with the GeneXpert MTB / RIF assay to diagnose TB and drug resistance and AFB smear microscopy as per NTP guidelines. Results: Among 72 sputum samples studied, males were more diagnosed with TB than females. People aged 25-56 years were more infected with HIV-TB co-infection. Four patients (5.56%) were found to be TB positive with both techniques, 7 (9.72%) were GeneXpert MTB/RIF positive but smear-negative and 61 patients (84.72%) were negative with both methods. The positivity for MTB detected for GeneXpert MTB/RIF method in females was 3 (15%) and the males were 8 (15.38%),...
International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences, 2021
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is difficult to diagnose due to fewer organisms in sputum and extrapulmonary samples. Sputum culture takes 4 to 8 weeks for growth of the mycobacteria. Delayed treatment for TB in PLHIV leads to increased mortality. This study evaluated cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) as a diagnostic tool for diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) in PLHIV in the second most HIV prevalent state in India and for comparing its efficacy between Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining sputum smear–positive and sputum smear–negative TB. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in RIMS, Imphal, with 167 PLHIV patients, age 15 years or older, having signs and symptoms of TB. Appropriate samples for sputum microscopy and CBNAAT were sent. Conclusion The overall sensitivity of sputum smear for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) was found to be 30.71% and that of CBNAAT was 38.57%. Sensit...
2015
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in Africa is increasing because of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, and in HIV ⁄ AIDS patients, it presents atypically. Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is more common in HIV-infected patients and leads to diagnostic delay, which increases morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Objective: To detect and characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis in stool of HIV sero-positive patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study of PTB diagnosis among PLHIV from stool sample was carried out from January 2014 – July 2014. During the data collection period, a total of 117 PLHIV suspected to be suffering from PTB was recruited. Microscopic examination, culture, and PCR were performed to detect and characterize M. tuberculosis. The presence of M. tuberculosis was compared in sputum and stool samples simultaneously collected from patients suspected ...