Family Planning Practice by Patterns of Marriage in the North of Iran (original) (raw)
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Journal of midwifery and reproductive health, 2021
Background and aim: Family planning has pivotal role in the improvement of various aspects of community health. Owing to the incomplete previously performed studies, the present research was carried out to measure the prevalence of contraceptive use and its key influencing factors among the women residing in Tehran. Methods: An analytical and observational cross-sectional study was performed on 395 women (18-40 years old) whom attended private clinics in three strict of Tehran determined through clustering sampling, during January to July 2019. A questionnaire including 24 questions was completed for all the participants. The questions were designed to determine the type of contraception and its influencing factors including demographic characteristics, attitude of women and their husbands as well as social, economic and cultural factors. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: The overall rate of using contraception was 75.2% and traditional meth...
Reproductive Health, 2015
Background: Nowadays, nearly half of the world population lives in societies with low fertility or the below-replacement fertility. This potentially grounds the critical situation of reduction in the workforce and causes the aging of population due to an overall increase in life expectancy and standard of living. Hence, population and its transitions including the issue of fertility decline has become a topic of intense debate in the agenda-setting and policy-making processes in both the developed and developing countries. In this view, what can practically be done to respond to the fertility decline that entails effectively addressing the determinants of fertility change? In line with the literature, how people form their marriages or patterns of marriage is amongst influencing factors which potentially affect their reproductive practices as diverse societies recognize different conventions for marriage. This study is to examine women's reproductive practices by the various patterns of marriage using the explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Methods/design: This study has an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, the follow-up explanations variant model, with two strands. This design will be implemented in two distinct phases. In the first phase, a cross-sectional quantitative study will be done using a cluster sampling strategy on 850 married women 15-49 years old living in Babol city, Iran. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the results of the quantitative phase, researchers will implement a qualitative research in the second phase of this study. This design will provide an explanation of the quantitative research results using the qualitative evidence. Discussion: As patterns of marriage have implications for the status of women, their health and fertility, the result of this study can provide a rich source of information for the required health-related interventions and policies are required to put the demographic changes on the right track at micro and macro level and improve the reproductive practices of women at micro level.
Marriage Patterns and Childbearing: Results From a Quantitative Study in North of Iran
Global journal of health science, 2016
Social changes have rapidly removed arranged marriages and it seems the change in marriage pattern has played a role in childbearing. On the other hand, there is a great reduction in population in many countries which requires a comprehensive policy to manage the considerable drop in population. To achieve this goal, initially, the factors affecting fertility must be precisely identified. This study aims to examine the role of marriage patterns in childbearing. In this cross-sectional quantitative study, 880 married women 15-49 years old, living in the north of Iran were studied using a cluster sampling strategy. The results showed that there are no significant differences in reproductive behaviors of three patterns of marriage in Bobol city of Iran. It seems there is a convergence in childbearing due to the different patterns of marriage and Policymakers should pay attention to other determinants of reproductive behaviors in demographic planning.
Fertility Behaviour of Iranian Women: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study
Archives of Iranian medicine
The fertility behavior of Iranian women and their reproductive needs is changing and consequently, for providing good services, it is critical to monitor their reproductive behavior at a national level. This study was carried out by Avicenna Research Institute in the urban and rural parts of Iran between 2010 and 2011. Using cluster sampling, the reproductive history of 17,187 married women aged 20 - 40 years were recorded. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software (Version 11.5), and P < 0.05 was considered significant. The common methods of contraception at the time of interview were natural methods (29.8%). The first pregnancy was unwanted in 20.6% of the women. The average number of childbirth per 35 - 40 years woman was 2.4. The mean age of women at marriage date and the mean age at the first childbirth both have increased with time (p< 0.001). Although the fertility rate has declined in Iran, the most important reproductive issues like unwant...
Contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in Iran
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2013
To determine the prevalence of contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in Iran and to explore the public-health implications. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 2120 married women aged 15-49 years. The sample population was enrolled in 6 large Iranian cities (Tehran, Mashhad, Tabriz, Isfahan, Shiraz, and Ahvaz) and 2 small cities (Zahedan and Kerman) from September 22 to December 20, 2011. Results: The overall contraceptive prevalence rate was 81.5% and the unmet need for any method of contraception was 2.6% (95% confidence interval, 2.0%-3.3%). Given the frequency of women who used traditional contraceptive methods (22.3%), the unmet need for modern methods was estimated as 17.4%. The main reasons given for unmet need for family planning were low perceived risk of pregnancy (41.8%) and family opposition (21.8%). Unwanted pregnancy was reported by 30.7% of the participants. Conclusion: A high rate of unmet need for modern contraceptive methods might potentially lead to increased rates of unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions. Healthcare policymakers should, therefore, be warned against a sense of complacency that family planning in Iran does not need their support.
2017
Background & aim: Contraceptive usage is a central part of the quality of care in the provision of family services. Currently, this issue has gained much importance since the Iranian policy makers are changing their policies about family planning and contraceptives accessibility. Regarding this, the aim of this study was to determine the rate of contraceptive usage and the factors affecting contraceptive use among the married women of reproductive age in Shiraz County, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 626 married women of reproductive age (i.e., 15-49 years) living in Shiraz County (including Shiraz city and the rural areas) using the quantitative survey method. Sampling was performed using multi-stage cluster and purposive sampling techniques. The sample size was determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan's formula. The data were collected through a questionnaire filled out by some interviewers. Data analysis was performed both descriptively (i.e., fre...
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, 2019
According to the results of a meta-analysis, the rate of unintended pregnancies was 27.9% in the period of the family planning program implementation in Iran. Demographic and socioeconomic factors and women's contraception behaviors have had a significant association with unintended pregnancy. →What this article adds: Unintended pregnancies declined among Iranian married women during 2000-2015, but its reduction was slowed down after the changes in the family planning policies. An increase in pregnant women's parity was the main factor having a counteracting effect on unintended pregnancy reduction in this period.
Iranian journal of public health, 2013
Literatures that focus on the risk factors of unintended pregnancy among married women are limited especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of unintended pregnancy in a west region of Iran. This case-control study was conducted from September to November 2011 in Hamadan City, western Iran. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used for data collection. All participants were enrolled voluntarily into the study including 181 cases and 391 controls. Cases were married women with unintended pregnancy. Controls were married women with planned pregnancy. Of 572 participants, 31 (5.4%) women had not used any methods of contraception prior to the recent pregnancy. The proportion of using ineffective contraceptive methods such as withdrawal was higher in cases than in controls. The most effective predictor of unintended pregnancy was the number of previous alive children so that the risk of unplanned pregnancy increased 3.68 per one ...