Using Regression Analysis to Estimate Water Quality Constituents in Bahr El Baqar Drain (original) (raw)
Related papers
h i g h l i g h t s • The model developed here can help in rapid low-cost water quality evaluation. • Water quality indices are useful for indicating total effect of ecological factors. • The results can help local people in improving water quality of Tigris River. • Tigris water is un-potable (266 WQI) due to natural and anthropogenic factors. • Tigris River water is poor for aquatic life but fair for irrigation. a b s t r a c t The monthly water quality data sets from ten stations on the Tigris River within Baghdad for the year 2016 were studied. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated using 11 important parameters according to the assigned weight, and its values were used as the dependent variable in stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis to develop a water quality model (WQM) for the river. Twenty-three physicochemical water quality variables (2760 values) were included in developing the WQM , they are: Aluminum (Al +3), Fluoride (F −1), Nitrite (NO −1 2), Nitrate (NO −1 3), Ammonia (NH 3), Temperature (T), Total Alkalinity (TA.), Turbidity (Tur.), Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca +2), Chloride (Cl −1), Magnesium (Mg +2), Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sulfate (SO4 −2), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Iron (Fe +2), Silica (SiO 2), Phosphate (PO −3 4), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD 5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Sodium (Na +1). The annual WQI mean value during the study was 266; more than the safe value of 100; consequently, the water quality was considered as unsuitable for drinking. Significant differences in WQI values were detected over the months and across stations with the highest WQI values (poor quality) in winter and spring, while the lowest values (better quality) were in summer and autumn. The WQM, which was developed based on the stepwise MLR analysis, consisted of five parameters: Tur, EC, COD, TH, and pH with significant value (r 0.987, R 2 0.974, p <0.01) and the model formula is: WQI = (−1.597)(Tur) 0.478 (EC) 0.409 (COD) 0.089 (TH) 0.291 (pH) 0.095 The study results show that the use of WQI as the dependent variable input improved the prediction of MLR model as a tool to understand, simplify and model the water quality 391 variation. The model developed here can help in rapid low-cost water quality evaluation for best management of the Tigris River.
University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 2022
Al-Gharraf River was chosen for this study as the main source of drinking water for most Thi-Qar Governorate residents. The water samples were chosen from three locations, when it entered Qalat Suker (Al-Nazim site) and in the middle of the city (the Bridge site) and when the river came out of the city (Al-Khammas site) each sample had three replicates for a period of five months from December 2019 to April 2020 as one measurement a month. Some physical and chemical properties, which are pH, electrical conductivity EC, turbidity, calcium, magnesium, and chloride ion, were studied. The distance between the entry point of the river and the outer point is about 8 km. The physical and chemical properties curves were plotted to show the changes in water characteristics during the months of the observation to compare the results with the international standards for water use.The results of the study indicated a rise in the concentration of chloride in some months due to industrial wastes, irrigation water, sewage, cleaning materials and organic waste, which is an important source of adding additional chloride ion in surface water and groundwater. The decline in some months may be due to increased rainfall. The study also showed that the concentration of magnesium ion within the allowed limits. Also, the present study also recorded a low concentration of calcium, it is clear that no any additional amounts of these ions added by the city activities. It is clear that the pH decreased in March and April which may because household waste and detergents, pH remains within the limits for human, animal and agricultural uses according to the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards. The water turbidity ranged from 1.77 NTU to NTU38.36. In December and January, the limits were within the permissible limits, while in (February, March and April), the water is considered unfit for human
Statistical analysis for water quality index for Shatt-Al-Hilla river in Babel city
Water Practice and Technology, 2022
The work aims to investigate the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Shatt-al-Hilla River, a branch of the Euphrates river in Babel city, Iraq. Twelve important and influential parameters were taken into account to evaluate the WQI, namely the temperature of water (Temp), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (PH), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (So4−2), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+1), biological oxygen demand (BOD), potassium (K) and turbidity. Raw and treated water quality was evaluated using two models, Weighted Calculation and Canadian Cabinet for the Environmental Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). The study area included three water treatment plants, namely New Hilla (NH), Al-Hussein (HE), and Al- Hashimyah (HA), which discharge their treated water into the Shatt-al-Hilla river. Raw and treated water samples were collected and tested regularly for nine months, from October 2020 to June 2021. The results showed all chemical and physical pa...
Are there Monthly Variations in Water Quality in the Amman, Zarqa and Balqa Regions, Jordan?
Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, 2013
This study investigated the monthly variation of water quality in the Amman-Zarqa and Balqa regions in Jordan in terms of pH, ammonium, nitrate and conductivity. During 2004 there was no monthly variation in water quality for most of the tested parameters. All readings were above the accepted range except for pH, indicating that land use does have an impact on water quality irrespective of urban, industrial or agricultural usage. The water quality remained for the most part below the maximum levels for drinking standards in Jordan, but these standards are often below the WHO recommendations. The pH was found to fluctuate through the year. Nitrate levels were highly seasonal in irrigated lands but remained stable over basin covered by other land uses. Ammonium levels were high in areas of urbanisation and intensive animal husbandry as a consequence of effluent infiltration, peaking during the wet season due to increased infiltration. These results indicate that, over an annual cycle, the variation in water quality remains constant; however the continued drawdown of the aquifer system will inevitably lead to deterioration in the parameters investigated.
Water quality index for Al-Gharraf River, southern Iraq
The Water Quality Index has been developed mathematically to evaluate the water quality of Al-Gharraf River, the main branch of the Tigris River in the south of Iraq. Water samples were collected monthly from five sampling stations during 2015-2016, and 11 parameters were analyzed: biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, the concentration of hydrogen ions, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, phosphates , nitrates, chlorides, as well as turbidity, total hardness, electrical conductivity and alkalinity. The index classified the river water, without including turbidity as a parameter, as good for drinking at the first station, poor at stations 2, 3, 4 and very poor at station 5. When turbidity was included, the index classified the river water as unsuitable for drinking purposes in the entire river. The study highlights the importance of applying the water quality indices which indicate the total effect of the ecological factors on surface water quality and which give a simple interpretation of the monitoring data to help local people in improving water quality.
The present study concerns the evaluation of the quality of the water used in irrigation in the perimeter of the DAR EL GUEDDARI wastewater treatment plant, these waters are often purified water coming from the WWTP and sometimes water pumped into the canal. rejection from the Sebou wadi. For this, we realized a set of measures such as: the temperature, the pH, the electrical conductivity, the biochemical demand in oxygen BOD5, the chemical demand in oxygen COD, the suspended matter MES, the total nitrogen (N ( tot), ammonium NH4 +, nitrates NO3-, total phosphorus P (tot), ortho-phosphate PO43-, sulphates SO42-, sodium Na +, chlorides Cl-, potassium K +, metals such as: Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn The results obtained during this study indicate that the physicochemical quality of the WWTP water used for crop irrigation does not always meet the irrigation water criteria in agriculture (Moroccan standard for irrigation water). They are characterized by low levels of dissolved oxygen, high levels of TSS, BOD5, COD and sodium and low levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Mn. The combination of the electrical conductivity CE and the SAR sodium absorption coefficient according to the irrigation water classification diagram of RISVERD allows to classify these waters in the box of poor quality water. However, the water pumped into the sewage disposal canal from Oued Sebou is likely to meet the criteria set by the Moroccan standard for irrigation. On average, they are less rich in nutrients (NPK) with moderately lower values than wastewater from the WWTP and they are characterized by low levels of sodium, conductivity, SAR and pose no risk of salinization or alkalization; with the exception of nitrates, which have an average value of 4.2 mg / l.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2021
Lebanon is a mountainous country with an area of 10452 km 2 , and it is characterized by a Mediterranean climate having a variable rainfall rate from which a significant amount is manifested as snow. The dense population of Lebanese is located in the coastal zone creating a strong anthropic pressure on the water resources. The civil war (1975-1990) and the postwar period (1990-2000) have led to a shortage in Lebanese watersheds data due to discontinuation of regular measurements. This study aims at investigating the hydrological response of the Al-Zahrani River Basin by tackling various physicochemical and microbiological parameters that are related to human activities' influence on the water quality in six selection sites. The water tested physiochemical parameters of the basic temperature (T), the potential of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS), the anions (NO 3-, SO 4 2and PO 4 3-), the cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+), and the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu and Zn). The microbial parameters are Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Total Coliforms, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the most polluted site was assessed through conduction of principal component analysis (PCA) statistics. Microbiological pollution was found at a high level in all sites with a total absence of heavy metals contamination. High nitrate levels were observable in two sites (WadiAkhdar 2 and Zahrani), in addition to a high potassium rate in NabehKfarwah. The PCA assessment highlighted the Zahrani site as the most polluted. The main pollution causes are correlated with wastewater discharges and industrial activities.