Intonational Elements and Phonetic Correlates of Focus in Declarative Sentences in Persian (original) (raw)

A new look at a kind of special and general adjective in Persian language

2021

با دقت در کتاب‌های دستور زبان فارسی، متوجه این موضوع می‌شویم که اکثر تقسیم‌بندی‌ها در مورد صفت، تکراری و شبیه به هم هستند؛ بنابراین در این پژوهش در حوزۀ معنایی و با توجه به اختصاص یا عدم اختصاص (عمومیت) صفت به موصوف‌ها، تقسیم‌بندی جدیدی از صفت صورت‌گرفته ‌‌است و بر این اساس صفات به دو دستۀ خاص و عام تقسیم ‌شدند؛ صفات خاص بر اساس اختصاص به حوزۀ معنایی خاص یا فقط یک موصوف خاص، به دو دستۀ «خاص نوع 1» و «خاص نوع 2» (خاص الخاص) تقسیم ‌می‌شوند. صفات عام نیز بر اساس دامنۀ شمول تعلق‌پذیری به واژه‌ها (موصوف) به سه دستۀ «عام کم فعال»، «عام نیمه فعال» و «عام فعال» تقسیم ‌می‌شوند. برای دست‌یابی به مجموعه‌ای از صفات و بررسی و تحلیل آن‌ها، سه رمان «سمفونی مردگان» عباس معروفی، «سووشون» سیمین دانشور و «چشم‌هایش» بزرگ علوی به عنوان جامعۀ آماری برای استخراج صفات انتخاب ‌شدند و بعد از استخراج، صفات به روش تحلیلی و توصیفی به صفات خاص و عام تقسیم‌ شدند و مجددا صفات تقسیم ‌شده بر اساس صفات بیانی (ساده/مطلق، فاعلی، مفعولی، نسبی و لیاقت) تقسیم‌بندی‌ شدند و مشخص‌ شد که هر کدام از صفات بیانی به کدام تقسیم‌بن...

Producing a Persian Text Tokenizer Corpus Focusing on Its Computational Linguistics Considerations

Signal and Data Processing

The main task of the tokenization is to divide the sentences of the text into its constituent units and remove punctuation marks (dots, commas, etc.). Each unit is a continuous lexical or grammatical writing chain that is an independent semantic unit. Tokenization occurs at the word level and the extracted units can be used as input to other components such as stemmer. The requirement to create this tool is to identify and recognize the units that are known as independent semantic units in Persian language. This tool detects word boundaries in texts and converts the text into a sequence of words. In the English language, many activities have been done in the field of text tokenization and many tools have been development; such as: Stanford, Ragel, ANTLR, JFLex, JLex, Flex and Quex. In recent decades, valuable researches have also been conducted in the field of tokenization in Persian language that all of them have worked on the lexical and syntactic layer. In the current research, we tried to focus on the semantic layer in addition to those two layers. Persian texts usually have two simple but important problems. The first problem is multi-word tokens that result from connecting one word to the next. Another problem is polysyllabic units, which result from the separation of words that together form a lexical unit. Tokenizer is one of the language preprocessing tools that is widely used in text analysis. This component recognizes the center of words in texts and turns it into a sequence of words for later analysis. Variety in Persian script and nonobservance of the rules of separation and spelling of words on the one hand and the lexical complexities

بازنمایی انواع وجه امری در زبان فارسی: رویکرد شناختی

2019

مقاله­ی حاضر در چهارچوب نظریه­ی زبان‌شناسی شناختی به تحلیل وجه امری در ادبیات داستانی زبان فارسی می‌پردازد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل وجه امری در سطح جمله و فراتر از آن است.‌ فرضیه­ی این پژوهش با تأکید بر تمایز موجود بین صورت و معنی وجه امری و توزیع آن در ساخت‌های زبانی متفاوت بنا شده است. بر اساس رویکرد زبان‌شناسی شناختی، زبان بخشی از نظام شناختی است و ساختار نحوی زبان را نمی‌توان مستقل از ملاحظات معنایی و کاربرد‌شناسی مطالعه نمود. ‌داده‌های پژوهش از هشت کتاب ادبیات داستانی معاصر از چهار نویسنده خانم و آقا که به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده‌، گرفته شده است. تحلیل داده‌‌ها با استفاده از روش توصیفی و کیفی نشان دهنده­ی کاربرد وجه امری در صورت‌ها و سطوح متفاوت زبانی است. بر اساس تحلیل زبان‌شناسی شناختی، اگر توصیف و تبیین وجه امری صرفأ با توجه به صورت زبانی و در سطح جمله انجام شود نتیجه‌ی چالش برانگیزی را به­دست می‌دهد و طیف وسیعی از داده‌ها از دیدگاه صورت و معنا کنار گذاشته می‌شود، زیرا در برخی داده‌ها صرفأ اسم، صفت و قید مفهوم وجه امری را به ذهن تداعی می‌کنند. بنابراین، با رویکرد شناختی و...

An Inquiry of the critical understanding of inter-religious dialogue in Iranian experience and mentality

Comparative Theology, 2018

It is more than 30 years that attending inter-religious meetings and symposiums has been on the agenda of some of the Iran's religious and social institutions. Those who have been and are still active in this area, as well as the different approaches they choose are an important source of analysis in terms of knowledge and experience. This research seeks to understand the knowledge and experience of the activists of the area and their critical interpretation of inter-religious dialogue and to provide a systematic analysis of it by constructing and systematizing its respective themes. Therefore, this research has been conducted with descriptive-analytic approach and qualitative method. For this purpose, along with theoretical findings, we have tried to collect empirical data using semi-structured interview techniques. The sampling method is purposeful and theoretical saturation criterion is an interview with 15 activists in this field. Thematic analysis method is also used for data analysis. Analyzing the findings, it became clear that the critics did not pay close attention to the religious and denominational origins of the subjects and were neutral in their critical analysis of them. Hence, their view to "the other" and the dialogue is "extra-religious" and they acknowledge the views and the ideas of this field in political and cultural terms and analyze them on this framework. In this approach, originality is with "the other" and the theological pluralism viewpoint is governed. Hence, dialogue with another-religious is not considered to be religious, but as an ethical-based subject. Through dialogue, critics do not seek to prove legitimacy, but consider their action as a means of looking at another according to moral standards, acting on ethical imperatives and sharing and generalizing ethics in controversial

The Multifunctional Morphemes in Kurdish Language the Morpheme Le as an example

Journal of the College of languages

Kurdish language multifunctional morphemes indicate the different functional morphological, syntactical, and semantic tasks of the morphemes. The present study discusses the multifunctional task of the Morpheme Le in Kurdish Language. The Morpheme Le has marginally been included in other studies, yet up to the present times, there has not been a research inclusively dedicated to thoroughly discuss and clarify its multifunctional aspects. The present study is divided into two chapters: Chapter one discusses the theoretical aspect of chapter two that is entirely concerned with the practical aspect of the morpheme Le. The first part of chapter one sheds light on the morphological aspect of the morpheme while part two discusses the concept of multifunction in Kurdish language including its concepts, types and characteristics. Chapter two is concerned with the practical aspect of the morpheme. Part one of chapter two describes the morphemes’ morphological aspect and part two explains its...

Cohesive Devices in Spoken and Written Discourse by Korean EFL Learners

The New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature, 2017

Research literature has so far focused on representing cohesive devices in various language instruction texts based on Halliday and Hassan's (1976) Systemic Functional Grammar. However, these studies restricted themselves to identifying only one or two cohesive devices in these texts. Hence, studies need to adopt a practical comprehensive framework which would cover all cohesive devices especially in Persian language instruction texts. Through an in-depth contrastive analysis, this study aimed to address the relationship between the frequency of cohesive devices in written and spoken texts of "Let's learn Persian" textbook and the difficulty level of its texts. The textbook series authored by Zolfaghari, Ghaffari, and Mahmoodi Bakhtiari (2008) includes three main levels: elementary, intermediate, and advanced. They were selected since they had both written and spoken texts. Nine written and spoken texts in each level (in total 27 written and 27 spoken texts) were selected through systematic random sampling. Having categorized and codified the selected texts, researchers analyzed the data quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data indicated that both written and spoken texts of "Let's Learn Persian" textbook had various cohesive devices. As higher level texts were presupposed as more difficult ones, frequency of lexical cohesion, reference, ellipsis and conjunction increased in the higher level written texts. It can be argued that there existed a significant relationship between the frequency of the mentioned cohesive devices and difficulty level of written texts. There was no significant relationship between substitution frequency and difficulty level of the texts. The frequency analysis of cohesive devices in spoken texts of all levels showed that there existed significant relations between conjunction, lexical cohesion, and text difficulty.

Construction and Validation of Parenting Role Tasks Questionnaire in Persian

Rehabilitation Medicine, 2014

Background: The role of parents in children's development is very critical. Proper recognition of this role and it's tasks by parents is helpful in all aspect of children's life. The purpose of this research was to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess parental role tasks. Materials and Methods: This study included two phases. In the first phase, information regarding the parental role was collected from resources such as books, articles, internet, and interview with professionals and parents. In the second phase, face validity and content validity were assessed by conducting a research with experts and scholars. Result: In the first phase of the study, 75 items were extracted through the literature review, reduced into 34 by an interview with teachers and parents. In the determining of content validity and face validity, only one item deleted with low score. Mean content validity index was 0/93 and content validity ratio had a value of 0/80. C...

Validation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Persian Version of Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale in Clinical Population of Lorestan Province

Journal of Applied Psychology

The aim of the present study was to validate the Persian version of the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale. Method: The statistical population of the study included all people who referred to counseling centers in Khorramabad, Doroud and Boroujerd in 2020 and 2021, from which 400 people were selected by convenience sampling. In the present study, in order to determine the factor validity, the statistical method of confirmatory factor analysis, in order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method and in order to evaluate the simultaneous validity of the instrument, the Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale by Barkley (2011) were used. Results: In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.79. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure of the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale (verbal inhibition, Timidity, disguise feeling, self-control). The results of the correlation between the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale and the Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale showed a significant correlation between the components of the two tools and the simultaneous validity of the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale. Conclusion: Since the fitness indices of the factor analysis model had a good fit and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated the internal consistency of the items of this tool, this questionnaire has good validity and reliability, which can be used to assess emotion inhibition in future research.