Do Cyanobacterial Lipids Contain Fatty Acids Longer Than 18 Carbon Atoms? (original) (raw)
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Identification and Quantification of Fatty Acids in Cyanobacteria Cells
ProEnvironment/ProMediu, 2013
Cyanobacteria biomass lipid extraction was performed by the method of Bligh and Dyer [5] in chloroform/methanol mixture and methanol/water mixture. The mixture separation in three specific phases made possible the lipid extraction in chloroform (lower phase). Quantitative determination of fatty acids was performed by gas-liquid chromatography of the fatty acid methyl esters using an Agilent 7890 N gas chromatograph. Analyses were performed in the Environmental Analysis Laboratory of the Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, ICIA Cluj by the means of specialist Mrs. Miclean M. Data processing was performed using the OriginPro 8 program.
Lipid and fatty acid composition of freshwater cyanobacteria
Journal of General Microbiology, 1990
Four species of freshwater cyanobacteria (A&M cyZidricu, Anucystis n&Zans, Nostoc canilta and Nostoc muscorum) contained as major lipid classes monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols and phosphatidylglycerols. Unlike photosynthetic eukaryotes, cyanobacteria incubated for 7 d in the dark suffered no decrease in the concentrations of these classes, except for N. museorum. Growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation were 3040% lower after dark incubation. The nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, Anabaena cyliirdric, N. c d n u and N. museorurn, contained alcohol glycosides and a highly-polar unknown glycolipid at high concentrations. The proportion of these two lipid classes decreased in the dark in N. muscorum alone. Extracts from Anacystis nidulans and N. caninu, and to a lesser extent N. muscorum, contained sterols, whose concentration increased after dark incubation. Anubuenu cylindricu contained considerable concentrations of linolenic acid in its total lipid, which did not decrease on dark incubation, and was not present mainly in monogalactosyldiacylglycerols as in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Palmitoleic acid, which is primarily confined to phosphatidylglycerols in photosynthetic eukaryotes, was distributed among the major lipid classes of N. eanina.
Macromolecular and fatty acid profile studies on symbiotic cyanobacterial isolates of cyanolichens
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011
The cellular carbohydrate, protein and fatty acid content of three cyanobacterial strains belong to the genera Aphanocapsa sp. (NTK28) and Nostoc species (NTK29 and NTY30) isolated from cyanolichens analyzed. Among the three cyanobacterial species, Nostoc sp. (NTK 29) showed the maximum of total carbohydrate, protein and lipid content about 25, 15 and 14%, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that, three cyanobacterial isolates has an array of fatty acids. A total of 17 fatty acids both saturated and unsaturated were detected from three cyanobacterial isolates. Among these, 8 types fell under saturated and 9 types unsaturated fatty acids which comprise mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids including ω9, ω6 and ω3 found in the organisms. Single fatty acid stearic acid (C18:0) was commonly present in three cyanobacterial isolates whereas, eicosedienoic acid (20:1) ω9 was present in single cyanobacterium Nostoc sp (NTK29). Key words: Fatty acids, cyanobacteria, carbohydra...
Isolation and Characterization of a New Cyanobacterial Strain with a Unique Fatty Acid Composition
Advances in Microbiology, 2014
A new cyanobacterial strain was isolated and purified from salt Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan. According to its morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, 16S rRNA sequence and the fatty acid profile, the strain has been classified as Cyanobacterium spp. and assigned as Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200. The strain is characterized by a non-temperature inducible ∆9-desaturation system, and by high relative amounts of myristic (14:0-30%) and myristoleic (14:1∆9-10%) acids. The total amount of C 14 fatty acids reaches 40%, which is unusually high for cyanobacteria, and it has never been reported before. The remaining fatty acids are represented mainly by palmitic (16:0) and palmitoleic (16:1∆9) acids (the sum reaches nearly 60%). Such a fatty acid composition, together with a relatively high speed of growth, makes this newly isolated strain a prospective candidate for biodiesel production.
International journal of systematic bacteriology, 1992
The cellular fatty acids of free-living, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Anabaena and Nostoc were analyzed to differentiate the genera. The fatty acid compositions of 10 Anabaena strains and 10 Nostoc strains that were grown for 12 days on BG-11o medium were determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Of the 53 fatty acids detected, 17 were major components; the average level for each of these 17 fatty acids was at least 0.9% of the total fatty acids (in at least one of the genera). These fatty acids included (with mean percentages in the Anabaena and Nostoc strains, respectively) the saturated fatty acids 16:0 (30.55 and 23.23%) and 18:0 (0.77 and 1.27%); several unsaturated fatty acids, including 14:1 cis-7 (2.50 and 0.11%), 14:1 cis-9 (3.10 and 3.41%), a polyunsaturated 16-carbon (sites undetermined) fatty acid with an equivalent chain length of 15.30 (1.20 and 1.03%), 16:4 cis-4 (0.95 and 0.87%), 16:3 cis-6 (2.16 and 1.51%), 16:1 cis-7 (1.44 ...
Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 2015
Thirty eight unialgal non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria were isolated from rice fields of Manipur, India; cultured as unialgal, deposited to the national repository of cyanobacteria and microalgae and obtained accession number. All these strains were screened and investigated for the production of total lipid and commercially viable fatty acids in culture condition. Equal amount of total lipid (3%) was produced by Limnothrix vacuolifera BTA05, Plectonema boryanum BTA16, Plectonema nostocorum BTA47, Lyngbya laxespiralis BTA85 and Lyngbya norgardhii BTA184 in exponential growth phase. The commercially viable fatty acids, namely; palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) and γlinolenic acid (C18:3n6) were focused in present study. The investigation revealed that Plectonema notatum BTA88 yielded high content of palmitic acid (27.9%); Oscillatoria agardhii BTA170 of palmitoleic acid (8.90%); Lyngbya martensiana BTA640 of oleic acid (56.2%); Phormidium faveolarum BTA20 (11.8%) in linoleic acid and Phormidium boryanum BTA16 of γlinolenic acid (8.82%). These organism were considered as the potential candidates for fatty acids profiling, however palmitic acid C16:0 was common and recorded in all 38 examined strains.
Cellular fatty acid composition of cyanobacteria assigned to subsection II, order Pleurocapsales
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2000
The cellular fatty acid composition of five of the six genera of unicellular cyanobacteria in subsection II, Pleurocapsales (Dermocarpa, Xenococcus, Dermocarpella, Myxosarcina and the Pleurocapsa assemblage) contained high proportions of saturated straight-chain fatty acids (26-41 % of the total) and unsaturated straight chains (40-67 %). Isomers of 16 :1 were the main monounsaturated acid component (11-59 %). Polyunsaturated acids were present at trace levels (01 % or less) in Xenococcus and Myxosarcina, at concentrations of less than 7 % in Dermocarpa, Dermocarpella, Pleurocapsa and CCMP 1489, and at high concentrations (35 % or more) in Chroococcidiopsis. Chroococcidiopsis was also different in terms of the percentage of 16 :1 isomers (10-12 %) compared to other genera (30-59 %), and in terms of total 16-carbon and 18-carbon fatty acids. In general, the composition and heterogeneity of fatty acids in the order Pleurocapsales was similar to that reported for the unicellular cyanobacteria of subsection I, order Chroococcales.
Modes of Fatty Acid desaturation in cyanobacteria: an update
Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2015
Fatty acid composition of individual species of cyanobacteria is conserved and it may be used as a phylogenetic marker. The previously proposed classification system was based solely on biochemical data. Today, new genomic data are available, which support a need to update a previously postulated FA-based classification of cyanobacteria. These changes are necessary in order to adjust and synchronize biochemical, physiological and genomic data, which may help to establish an adequate comprehensive taxonomic system for cyanobacteria in the future. Here, we propose an update to the classification system of cyanobacteria based on their fatty acid composition.
JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 2016
The present study is a trial to cultivate three different cyanobacterial strains (Anabaena laxa, Anabaena fertilissima and Nostoc muscorum) under four different growth conditions using BG11 0 growth medium. These conditions were represented by static glucose medium with glucose (1%, w/v), aerated medium (aerated by bubbling technique depending on atmospheric CO 2 normally existed in air with a concentration of 0.03%), growth medium enriched with molasses of sugar cane (0.7%, v/v) and aerated growth medium enriched with glucose (1%, w/v). A. laxa, A. fertilissima and N. muscorum exhibited high biomass production under mixotrophic growth condition rather than aerated autotrophic condition. Whereas, static glucose medium enhanced the growth of A. laxa, A. fertilissima and N. muscorum significantly with dry weight yield of 3.6, 3.1 and 5.2 g L-1 , respectively. Moreover, glucose enhanced lipid content for both A. laxa and N. muscorum to produce 293.9 and 253.5 ìg g-1 fresh wt., respectively. While A. fertilissima exhibited the highest lipid content under aerated enriched glucose medium (307.6 ìg g-1 fresh wt.). Static glucose medium supported the lipid synthesis rate of N. muscorum to record 6.3 folds, as compared to the control, after 10 days of treatment. While A. fertilissima exhibited its highest lipid synthesis rate under aerated enriched glucose condition after 2 days. Ten fatty acids were detected for all the investigated cyanobacterial strains with different percentages, under static glucose medium (1%, w/v) during the stationary phase. Half of them were saturated fatty acids and the others were two mono-unsaturated and three poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Myristic, palmitoleic and arachidonic acids were the most abundant among all the tested isolates.
E3S Web of Conferences, 2018
Cyanobacteria have been known to produce lipids that are potential for biodiesel. Cyanobacteria isolated from Indonesia are called Indonesia indigenous cyanobacteria. This study was conducted to determine the characterization of fatty acids contained in cyanobacteria originating from Indonesia which were isolated from 5 hot springs in Indonesia. For some 29 strains of cyanobacteria consisting of 8 genera have performed the analysis of fatty acids (FA) by extraction method via protocol in SHERLOCK Microbial Identification (Midi) System version 4.0, 2001 MIDI, Inc. The resulting data is as follows. All strains of 8 genera (Synechococcus, Merismopedia, Thermosynechococcus, Stanieria, Leptolyngbia, Westiellopsis, Mastigocladus, and Nostoc) have saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA). The content of saturated fatty acids ranged from 27.77 to 50.56%, while the content of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 7.58 to 63.31%. All strains have SFA Palmitic acid (16:00) which ranges from 23.23 to 42.64%. Meanwhile, unsaturated fatty acids Palmitoleic acid (16:1 wc7) are owned by almost all strains except Westiellopsis which range from 1.75 to 51.78%. Content of unsaturated fatty acids Oleic acid (18: w9c) ranges from 1.43 to 35.78% mainly in Leptolyngbia, Westiellopsis, and Mastigocladus. All strains have MUFA ranging from 7.58 to 63.31%, whereas PUFA is only owned by filamentous strains (Leptolyngbia, Westiellposis, Mastigocladus, and Nostoc). From the results of the research can be seen that 29 strains of cyanobacteria of 8 genera have potential fatty acids as raw materials of biodiesel under certain conditions.